Posts written by Magda

Si alguna vez habéis estado en España, o leído sobre nuestro país, probablemente habréis oído la palabra “pícaro”. La llamada picaresca es un tópico ampliamente conocido tanto en la cultura como en el carácter español. Tenemos pícaros famosos no solo en la vida real, sino también en literatura. ¿Recordáis mi post sobre el Lazarillo de Tormes? Otro término literario acuñado en España, y adoptado por nuestro lenguaje cotidiano es “celestina”, sinónimo de casamentera.

La Celestina, escrita por un misterioso Fernando de Rojas,  es considerada por los críticos como la primera novela europea. Publicada en 1499, la Tragicomedia de Calixto y Melibea, o La Celestina como todos la conocemos, es sin lugar a dudas una de las grandes obras de la literatura española. Escrita en forma de diálogos, es una crítica ácida contra la sociedad de la época y la naturaleza humana. El argumento es el siguiente: la historia transcurre en Salamanca donde, tras un breve encuentro con Melibea, el joven Calixto se enamora perdidamente de ella y contrata los servicios de Celestina, una vieja prostituta que regenta un burdel, para ayudarlo con sus aspiraciones amorosas. Ella tomará el control tanto de los personajes como de la aventura amorosa, a través de una serie de episodios cómicos previos al trágico final. Podéis leer toda la historia pinchando aquí.

Celestina se ha convertido en un personaje inmortal. Si alguna vez vais a Salamanca, podréis pasar un rato en el jardín de Melibea, donde la leyenda cuenta que tuvo lugar parte de esta historia de amor.

If you have ever been to Spain, or read anything about our country, you will have probably heard the word “picaro” (rogue).  The so called picaresque is a well known topic in the Spanish culture and character. We even have very famous “picaros”, not only in real life but also in literature. Do you remember my post about Lazarillo de Tormes? Another literary word coined in Spain and adopted by our everyday language is “celestina”, a synonym for matchmaker.

The Celestina, written by a mysterious Fernando de Rojas, is considered by scholars to be the first European novel. Published in 1499, the Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea or La Celestina, as we all know it, is without any doubt one of  the greatest works in Spanish literature. Written in dialogues, it is a bitter criticism against the society of that time and human nature. The plot of the story is the following: The story takes place in Salamanca where, after a brief encounter with Melibea,  the young Calisto falls madly in love with her and hires the services of Celestina, an aged prostitute and madam in a brothel, to help him with his love aspirations. She will control both the characters and the affair, through a series of comic episodes before its tragic end. You can read the whole story here.

Celestina has become an immortal character. If you ever come to Salamanca, you could spend some time in Melibea’s garden, where the legend says part of this love story took place.

En España tenemos un refrán que dice “A perro flaco, todo se le vuelven pulgas”, y no es por ser pesimistas, pero hoy mismo leí una noticia con el siguiente titular: La ‘cuesta de enero’ llega a febrero.

Hace algunas semanas que terminaron las navidades. En esas fechas todos tenemos un gasto más elevado, por las cenas con la familia, el salir más de fiesta, comprar los regalos que traerán los Reyes, las comidas o cenas de empresa, que ahora con la crisis ya no la paga el jefe, sino que también sale de nuestro bolsillo… Ah, y las rebajas, que llegan justo tras los reyes, para que quien tan solo recibió carbón pueda aprovechar y desquitarse regalándose algo a sí mismo. Cuando este periodo festivo termina, y los ánimos se relajan, nos encontramos ante la temida “cuesta de enero”.

¿Y qué es esta cuesta de enero? Es un periodo de tiempo en el que hay que “apretarse el cinturón” para llegar a fin de mes, o sea, economizar al máximo para compensar los gastos anteriores. No solo en caprichos, sino en recibos, gasolina, comida, ropa, etc. Es por eso cada vez más frecuente ver noticias donde los “expertos” aconsejan cómo reciclar tu ropa para cambiar de estilo, o trucos para gastar menos agua. También recomiendan usar más transporte público, compartir el coche para ir al trabajo, ¡e incluso hay cursos de cocina anticrisis!: “aprenda a preparar un menú por tan solo 3,50 €”.  Quizá ha llegado el momento de volvernos más imaginativos, o un poco manitas, y aprender a gastar menos. Para empezar, voy a plantar tomates en macetas en el balcón. ¿Os parece buena idea? ¡Se aceptan consejos!

In Spain we have a saying that literally goes “for a skinny dog, everything turns into fleas” (meaning it never rains but it pours), and it is not my intention being pessimistic, but just today I read a news article with the following headline: The “January post-holiday budget crunch goes on till February.”

Christmas was over a few weeks ago. These days we all have higher expenses, because of family dinners, going out more on holidays, buying gifts for the Three Wise Men to bring us, the company Christmas party, which now as a result of the crisis is not paid for by the boss, but it’s up to us to dip into our pockets… Ah, and the sales, which come just after the Three Wise Men, so that those who just received coal as a gift can get even and buy themselves a present. When this festive period ends, and our spirits relax, we find ourselves in front of the frightful “slope”, or January post-holiday budget crunch.

And what is this January “slope”? It is a period of time when we have to tighten our belts in order to get to the end of the month with some money left, that is to say, economizing to the maximum to compensate for the previous expenses. Not only in whims, but in bills, petrol, food, clothes, etc. This is why it is increasingly frequent to see news where the “experts” offer advise on how to recycle your clothes to change style, or tricks to spend less water. They also recommend using public transport, carpooling to go to work, and there are even crisis cooking courses!: “learn to prepare a menu for only 3,50 € “. Maybe the moment has come to become more imaginative, or turn into a handywoman, and to learn how to spend less. To start with, I am going to start growing tomatoes inside flowerpots on the balcony. Do you think it’s a good idea? Suggestions welcome!

Esta es una noche mágica para todos los pequeños de España: ¡vienen los Reyes Magos! Aunque muchos se han pasado a Papa Noel, por aquello de recibir pronto los regalos y disfrutar de ellos durante las vacaciones navideñas, esta noche no ha perdido aún su encanto.

Para encontrar nuestro regalo bajo el árbol en la mañana del día 6, hay que dejar los zapatos muy bien limpios junto a él, o en la ventana. Los niños han de irse prontito a la cama, y por supuesto dormir del tirón: no vale hacer trampa para intentar ver a estos entrañables señores, pues podrían enfadarse y dejarnos sin nada. Y es todo un detalle si dejamos un poco de agua para calmar la sed de los camellos tras su largo viaje, y algún aperitivo para los magos.

Cada año, cuando se acerca la navidad, todos escribimos una carta a los Reyes Magos, que podemos entregar en mano al paje real, enviar a través de correos (si, tienen un servicio especial lo creáis o no), o bien por mail ya que la tecnología lo domina todo, y sus majestades tienen ADSL. Claro, por eso son magos. En ella pedimos cualquier regalo que deseemos recibir, pero solo nos lo traerán si durante el año nos hemos portado bien. De ahí el nerviosismo propio del día de hoy en muchos pequeños, al pensar cuantas veces dejaron la verdura en el plato, no hicieron los deberes, o hicieron rabiar a su hermano pequeño, porque es posible que en vez de regalos reciban carbón. En ocasiones, aunque el regalo esté junto al árbol, también aparece ese delicioso carbón dulce, que es como un tironcito de orejas de los magos de oriente que todo lo saben, para que en el año que corre enmendemos nuestro comportamiento.

Así que como yo tengo mis dudas, y prefiero desayunar roscón de reyes a carbón dulce, hoy tomaré doble ración de verdura, y me iré muy temprano a dormir. Espero que por lo menos que me dejen uno de los regalos de mi lista: un mundo diferente y mejor.  ¡Y para vosotros que vengan cargaditos de magníficos presentes!

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Tonight is a magical night for all the little ones in Spain: the Three Wise Men are coming! Though many families have defected to Santa Claus, in order to receive their presents earlier and enjoy them during the Christmas vacation, this night hasn’t lost its charm yet.

To find our present under the tree the morning of the 6th, it is necessary to leave our very clean shoes next to it, or on the window. Children have to go to bed early, and obviously sleep right through the night: you can’t cheat trying to get a peek of these pleasant old men, because they might get angry and leave us without presents. And it would be nice if we leave a bit of water to quench the camels’ thirst after their long trip, and some snacks for the Wise Men.

Every year, when Christmas time is approaching, we all write a letter to the Three Wise Men, that we can deliver in hand to the royal page, send through the post office (yes, they have a special service, believe ir or not), or by e-mail, since technology controls everything, and Their Majesties have DSL. Obviously, because they are magicians. In it we ask for any gift we want to receive, but they will only bring them if during the year we have behaved appropriately. That’s the reason for the agitation in our children today, when thinking of all the times they left vegetables in their plate, did not do their homework, or teased their little brothers, because it is possible that instead of gifts they receive coal. Sometimes, although the present is by the tree anyway, there also appears this delicious sweet coal, which is like the Wise Men, who know everything, give us a small tweak of ears, in order to encourage us to correct our behavior in the present year.

So, as I have my doubts, and I prefer having breakfast with a Roscón de Reyes (large ring-shaped cake baked for Epiphany) rather than with some sweet coal, today I will a double serving of vegetables, and will go to bed really early. I hope that at least they will leave me one of the gifts from my list: a different and better world. And for you, that they bring a lot of wonderful presents!

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As 2011 is already gone,  I think it would be a good idea to review what posts in our Transparent Spanish blog have been the most popular ones. Christmas topics, learning tips, cultural information and legends, and even different ways to chat people up! Here are our Top 10:

Las Posadas Songs

Posadas is a wonderful Mexican holiday that brings neighbors and friends together for nine festive nights of singing and eating. Beginning December 16th and continuing through Christmas Eve, Posadas reenact the experience of Joseph and Mary as they wandered from house to house, looking for shelter

Spanish Lesson Beginner 20 To need, to want, to prefer

Today we will look at three new, very useful, verbs: to need (“necesitar”), to want (“querer”) and to prefer (“preferir”). I will explain how you should form each of the verbs and how you can use them to make sentences.

At the airport: the check-in

Traveling is great, isn’t it? You get to meet people, be in places other than your regular city and learn a lot while traveling. So in this post I’m going to give you some useful expressions for when you’re at the check-in counter at the airport.

Problems using la, le, lo (laísmo, leísmo, loísmo)

When you are learning a language, you have to deal with correct grammar and vocabulary, but you also have to bear in mind its common usage. One main problem not only for Spanish learners but also for native speakers is the linguistic phenomenon known as “leísmo”, closely related to “loísmo, and laísmo”: they are variations from standard Spanish involving the third person object pronouns.

In order to avoid them, we have to bear in mind the form and function of these pronouns in Spanish…

Apenas

Apenas is an adverb frequently used in the Spanish language, and one that has a multiplicity of meanings and applications. It’s one of those words that require you to use the context to determine which meaning the speaker intends. My Spanish students would often complain about this phenomenon, until I reminded them how context-driven oral English is: just think of how confusing “two”, “too”, and “to” is! So, it is not my intention to confuse or frustrate you, but here are the four main meanings of the fickle yet utterly useful word apenas.

Columbus Day in the Spanish Speaking World

Given the importance of October 12th in Spanish history, perhaps it is surprising that Columbus Day was first celebrated in 1866 by the Italians of New York City, in honor of Columbus’ Italian heritage. It wasn’t until 1913 that the day was made an official celebration in Spain (and soon after in Latin America), as a way to commemorate the union of Spain with the peoples of the Americas, the forging of a new pan-Hispanic identity, and the spreading of the Spanish language. Generally, October 12th is considered a positive celebration of the mixing of peoples and cultures.

Learning tip: Attitude!

Well, I was thinking the other day and I came to the conclusion that one of the most important things when you set out to do something new is to have attitude. I mean, not a nasty attitude towards anything but a very positive and proactive attitude.

That takes a truckload of determination, patience, hard work and consistency. And let me tell you something: it feels awesome when things (language patterns) start falling into place and you see, in your head, how the language is built.

“La Llorona”, a Mexican legend

There are stories you hear when you are a child, and they scare you do death. In Spain we were always threatened with “El hombre del saco” (The man with a bag) or “El sacamantecas” to make you eat, vegetables in my case, or behave appropriately.

That must be the reason why I found this Mexican legend so interesting. “La Llorona” is the Spanish name for “The Weeping Woman”. Although this legend is originally from Mexico, there are several different versions in Spanish-speaking cultures in Central and South America. The basic story tells us about the ghostly apparition of a mysterious woman dressed in white, wandering at night and crying for her lost children: “Ayyy, mis hijos!” (Oh, my children!).

Pick-up lines in Spanish

This post goes for the ones who haven’t found their soul mate or only want to have some fun. ¿Me prestas una moneda? Tengo que llamar a mi madre y decirle que encontré el amor de mi vida. – Can I borrow a coin? I have to call my mom and tell her I’ve met the love of my life.
¿Tienes un novio? ¿No? ¿Quieres uno? – Do you have a boyfriend? No? Want one?
Sabes, chicas como tú dan a chicos como yo una razón para vivir. – You know, girls like you give guys like me a reason to live.

“Ser y estar”, jugando con frases hechas

I’m sure you have studied the differences between “ser” and “estar” tons of times, but as I see there are some friends asking about them these days both in our blog and the Transparent Spanish page, I think it’s a good idea to review them, now in a particular way: we are going to see how we use these verbs in some “frases hechas” (idioms).

- Estar de mala leche. To be in a bad mood

- Ser harina de otro costal. To be a horse of a different color

-No ser nada del otro jueves. To be no big deal

Happy New Year!

 

El 28 de Diciembre es un día en que debemos tener cuidado desde que nos levantamos, ya que se celebra el Día de los Santos Inocentes, y es muy probable que algún amigo o conocido intente gastarnos una broma. También debemos estar atentos para no prestar dinero, ya que pueden devolvérnoslo a través de esta cancioncilla:

“Herodes mandó a Pilatos,
Pilatos mandó a su gente,
Y el que presta en este día
Pasará por inocente.”

O la que más se usaba en mi casa: “Que los Santos Inocentes te lo paguen…” Lo que quiere decir que no nos van a devolver ni un duro.

Como para tantas otras fiestas, existen dos orígenes diferentes, uno religioso y otro pagano. El origen religioso recuerda la terrible matanza ordenada por Herodes para intentar asesinar al niño Jesús, al sentir su reinado amenazado. Pero resulta extraño relacionar este trágico acontecimiento con un día en que la broma y la tomadura de pelo imperan, y esto nos lleva a la segunda explicación. Durante la edad media, en los días previos al 31 de Diciembre, la gente dejaba un poco al margen sus labores, y se divertían gastando bromas, y asumiendo el papel de las autoridades políticas y religiosas. Esta fiesta, llamada la “fiesta de los locos”, sí parece más similar a la actual.

Inocentadas tradicionales son las de emitir  noticias en los medios de comunicación que resultan ser falsas; y en casa, cambiar el azúcar por la sal durante el desayuno, dar caramelos o bombones rellenos de ingredientes poco agradables, o andar por la calle o la oficina con un monigote blanco colgado a la espalda si alguno de tus compañeros de trabajo es lo suficientemente hábil para colocarlo sin que se note. Y vosotros, ¿tenéis alguna inocente víctima a quien gastar una broma? Ya me contaréis.

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We have to be very careful on the 28th of December since the moment we get up, because it is Feast of the Holy Innocents, and it is very likely that some friend or acquaintance tries to play a joke on us. We also have to be very careful not to lend money, as they can come back to us with this song:

” Herod sent Pilatus,
Pilatus sent his people,
And the one who lends in this day
Will pass for innocent. “

Or the one which was most used at home: “The Holy Innocents will pay you back…“ which means that they are not going to give you back a single coin.

As for so many other holidays, there are two different origins, the religious and the pagan one. The religious origin commemorates the terrible slaughter ordered by Herod to try to murder baby Jesus, as he felt his reign was threatened. But it seems a bit strange to relate this tragic event with one day in which jokes and the mockery prevail, and this leads us to the second explanation. During the middle ages, in the days before December 31st, people set aside their work, and they enjoyed themselves playing jokes, and assuming the role of the political and religious authorities. This holiday, named the “Feast of Fools”, seems to be more similar to the current one.

Traditional fools’ jokes are news broadcast in the mass media that turn out to be false; and at home, to swap the sugar and salt during breakfast, to give candies or chocolates with slightly unpleasant fillings, or to walk on the street or the office with a white paper doll hanging from your back if one of your workmates is skilful enough to put it there without you noticing it. And you, do you have any innocent victim to play a joke on? I hope you will tell me.

 

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