Posts tagged with "russian history"

A funny experience happened in my Russian class today, «дорогие друзья» [dear friends]. We are reading «Дама с собачкой» [The Lady with the Lapdog]. My professor said of the main character, «Гуров» [Gurov], «Он верен своей жене [Is he faithful to his wife?] I smiled and gave a resounding «Да, конечно» [yes, of course]. Unfortunately, that was wrong. I misread the bit where it says that «Гуров» is unfaithful to his wife: «Изменять ей он начал уже давно…» [He had started to be unfaithful to her a while ago]. And here I was thinking that meant she had perceived him to be a changed person or something like that, which admittedly did not make much sense in context. It just goes to show you: you learn something new every day! In the photo: «памятник Минину и Пожарскому» [the monument to Minin and Pozharsky (two commanders who defeated Polish-Lithuanian forces)].

I want to talk about a Russian holiday, «День народного единства» [Day of People's Unity] that was recently on November 4. I am always interested to learn about foreign countries’ holidays, so I was reading about this one a little bit last week.

«День народного единства» is a recent holiday. It is observed on November 4, «начиная с 2005 (две тысячи пятого) года» [beginning with 2005] and is «нерабочий день» [a non-working day]. And even though it is recent, its history actually dates back pretty far. «27 (двадцать седьмого) октября 1612 (тысяча шестьсот двенадцатого) года гарнизон в Москве сдался» [On October 27, 1612, a garrison in Moscow was surrendered]. One year later, «земский собор избрал новым царём Михаила Романова» [the Zemsky Sobor chose Mikhail Romanov as the new tsar]. This ended the Time of Troubles and began the new Romanov dynasty.

«С 1649 (тысяча шестьсот сорок девятого) года до 1917 (тысяча девятьсот семнадцатого) года» [From 1649 to 1917] November 4 was a holiday because it marked the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian force.

There has been controversy about the holiday because of groups espousing «национализм и ксенофобия» [nationalism and xenophobia] demonstrating on this day, like in the photo below:

The banner says «Вернём Россию русским!» [We will return Russia to the Russians!] This is a reference to some people’s dislike of immigrants from certain regions to Russia. It is an important issue today and there are quite a few politicians in Russia who say some pretty crazy things on this matter.

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Quick Reminder

Yes, the secret GIVEAWAY is still going on. It will close in just a few days, at 11:59pm EST on August 26th. So there’s still time to enter by leaving a comment either on this post or on my previous post. Remember, you can leave more than one comment. The more you comment, the higher your chances are for winning this secret giveaway.

I’m excited that so many of you liked my previous post. I am quite a «болтушка» [chatterbox] and wouldn’t blame you for getting tired of my «болтовня» [chatter]. I might not be beyond hope yet since I love listening to you just as much (or more) as I love writing on this blog. Usually I respond to the comments you leave, but this time I’m running a cool secret giveaway and each comment is counted as a giveaway entry. So I’m abstaining from commenting myself even though it’s very hard. I promise, I will answer all as soon as the giveaway is over.

«Рекламный ролик» [TV commercial] – Can you imagine watching TV without a single commercial break or listening to a radio program that doesn’t get interrupted for “a word from our «спонсоры» [sponsors]? Well, that was Soviet Union before 1991-1992 when first Western-style «появились» [appeared] on TV screens and airwaves. Here’s some trivia for you – one of the first, if not the first, Western commercial shown in Russia was a Snickers commercial.

«Поле чудес» [lit. Field of Miracles] – Ok, I know, the show itself started in 1990. But it was in 1991 when «Леонид Якубович» [Leonid Yakubovich] became its host and once-and-forever, its symbol. Without him this show, a Russian analog (way more awesome, IMHO) of American “Wheel of Fortune”, is unthinkable. Even before the show, everyone was familiar with the phrase «поле чудес в стране дураков» [a field of miracles in the land of fools] which came from a movie «Буратино» [Russian version of “Pinocchio”].

«Виват, гардемарины!» – I don’t think this title was ever officially translated into English. «Гардемарин» is, from what I understand, a naval cadet, a midshipman. Anyway, this was the second movie in a series of 3. «Дмитрий Харатьян» [Dmitri Haratyan] and «Сергей Жигунов» [Sergey Zhigunov] once again became «предметы обожания» [heartthrobs] of girls all across the country. Interesting fact – the movie was supposed to premier on August 19th, but because of the attempted coup was postponed until August 31st.

«Малиновый пиджак» [crimson jacket] – ah, I love the fact that «малиновый пиджак» phenomenon has its own Wikipedia page. It became practically synonymous with «новые русские» [New Russians], a new social element that became the butt of so many «анекдоты» [jokes]. The wiki page gives a few theories of why crimson jackets became so popular. But I recommend watching a Soviet anti-utopian satire «Кин-дза-дза!» [Kin-dza-dza!] instead. And don’t be intimidated, it has English subtitles (ok, the movie doesn’t have any crimson jackets in it, but it does show a society in which certain things, including garish clothes, become status symbols)

«Будильник Кашпировского» [Kashpirovsky alarm clock] – quite a few of you mentioned that you would had liked to live in Russia in the early 90s and witness the historic changes taking place. I am not sure how many Russians would agree to re-live those days, when given a chance. For most people it was the time of great «стресс» [stress] and «неуверенность в завтрашнем дне» [uncertainty about the next day]. In a country where religion was suppressed and ridiculed for decades, a new outlet had to appear in the form of «экстрасенсы» [psychics], «белые маги» [white magic practitioners] and «ясновидящие» [clairvoyants; lit. those who see clearly]. They filled the newspapers and airwaves with «массовый гипноз» [mass hypnosis] promising «вылечить всех от всего» [to cure everyone from everything].

«Алан Чумак» [Allan Chumak], for example, had weekly sessions on TV passing “healing energy” from his hands into glasses of water people set up in front of their TV sets. One of the signature promises of another hypnotist, «Анатолий Кашпировский» [Anatoliy Kashpirovsky], was his long-distance treatment of «энурез» [bedwetting], in which he talked about an internal alarm clock.

«ПК» [PC] – this is the acronym for «персональный компьютер» [personal computer], something that started appearing in more and more homes around that time. In many cases these were home-made and used a cassette player for input and a TV for output. My first computer was a version of «Синклер Спектрум» [Sinclair Spectrum] that my dad assembled from scratch. I still remember how my brother and I spent hours winding thin wire for its «трансформатор» [transformer]. I’d love to say that we used our PC to learn programming, but that would be a lie. Instead, we mostly used it for gaming, playing «Арканоид» [Arkanoid].

«Школьная форма» [School uniform] – in Soviet Union school children had to wear uniform to school. It wouldn’t be too bad if it was something attractive or comfortable, but it wasn’t. Boys had to wear a dark-blue suite with a white collared shirt. Girls’ uniforms consisted of a brown dress and a «будничный» [everyday] black or «праздничный» [special occasions] white apron. Oh, and girls had to deal with removable «воротнички» [collars] and «манжеты» [cuffs], again, black for everyday and white and lacy for special occasions. I think most kids I knew hated their uniforms or at least preferred to change out of them as soon as they could. Fortunately, sometime in 1991 or 1992 the mandatory wearing of school uniform was abandoned and we all started wearing our families’ newly acquired «благосостояние» [wealth] or lack of it on our multicolored and variously styled sleeves.

«Лебединое озеро» [Swan Lake] – this beautiful ballet is firmly associated with «Августовский путч» [August attempted takeover]. Do you know this old joke about how there were just 2 TV channels in the Soviet Union? Communist Party meetings were on Channel 1 and on Channel 2 there was a «гэбист» [KGB official] ordering viewers to switch to Channel 1. Well, ok, we did have 2 channels for a very long time and the programming wasn’t all that fun or varied. But boy, did we come to appreciate that on August 19th, 1991! On that day, by order of «ГКЧП» [GKChP] or «Государственный комитет по чрезвычайному положению» [The State Committee on the State Emergency], also known as “The Gang of Eight”, all regularly-scheduled TV programming was cancelled. Instead, all we had was «Лебединое озеро».

«Путч» [military takeover] – isn’t it a German word? Well, it sounded just right for the occasion. I’m not sure why it was chosen over «переворот» [takeover]. One of the reasons that come to mind is that it’s shorter, sounds more efficient and way more sinister. Personally, unlike «переворот», «путч» wasn’t even in my «лексикон» [vocabulary] until August 19th, 1991. Once it was all over, there were quite a few jokes that used the wordplay of «путч» [putsch] and «пучить» [experience gas].

 

So here you go, between Part 1 and Part 2 (this one), there are 19 tidbits of my personal «воспоминания» [memories] about 1991. What were yours? I’d love to hear! And don’t forget, you still have a few days left to enter the giveaway by leaving a comment either on this post or on Part 1.

Well, «дорогие читатели» [dear readers], «я вернулась» [I have returned]. Yelena has been holding down the fort, so to speak, while I have been madly reading for school. But, never fear, «я окончила семестр» [I finished the semester], which means I have more time to write about «мой самый любимый язык на свете» [my favorite language in the world] – «русский язык» [the Russian language]. In the photo: «Выступление Медведева» [Medvedev’s speech] on Russia Day. «Что такое День России?» [What is Russia Day?] Keep reading to find out!

«День России» is on June 12 («два дня назад» [two days ago]). «День России – праздник в России, который отмечается ежегодно с 1992 (тысяча девятьсот девяносто второго) года.» [Russia Day is a holiday in Russia that has been celebrated every year since 1991.] One reason why Russians probably like «День России» is because it is «нерабочий день» [a non-working day; a day off].

But why is this holiday celebrated? It is in honor of «декларация о государственном суверенитете РСФСР» [the Declaration of State Sovereignty of RSFSR]. «РСФСР» is an acronym that stands for «Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика» [Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic – see why they use an acronym?]. The declaration was adopted on 12 June 1990 and marked the beginning of the end of the Soviet Union.

Interestingly enough, «в этот же день в 1991 (тысяча девятьсот девяносто первом) году» [on this same day in 1991], «прошли выборы президента России» [elections for president of Russia took place]. «Борис Ельцин победил.» [Boris Yeltsin won.] Good old Boris Nikolayevich, one could write post after post about him…

So, next year on June 12, if you encounter any Russians, be sure to wish them «С Днём России!» [Happy Russia Day!].

This is one of the iconic photos of Yuri Gagarin. You can read his famous pre-flight address in Russian or in English.

Are you ready for tomorrow? You might be asking «а что будет завтра?» [just what will be happening tomorrow?]. A quick look at the calendar will tell you that tomorrow is «двенадцатое апреля» [April 12th].

If you enter this date into Google search you will see that, in addition to it being a «сто второй день года» [102nd day of the year] it is also «Всемирный день авиации и космонавтики» [International Day of Aviation and Space Flight]. If you live outside of Russia, you might be more familiar with the official name used by the UN for this day – «Международный день полёта человека в космос» [International Human Space Flight day].

On April 12, 1961 Yuri Gagarin became the first human to fly into outer space and orbit the Earth.

Russian space agency «РОСКОСМОС» [ROSKOSMOS] has a very detailed timeline of the historic flight. American uploaded great archival images as well (my favorite – the image of the control panel of Vostok 1 spacecraft).

«Будете ли вы праздновать этот день?» [Are you going to celebrate this date?] Are you going to a Yuri’s Night? If you are lucky enough to be in Russia right now you might even go to one of the official and unofficial celebrations.  

Attending concerts, lectures, star-gazing parties and lifting a glass to Yuri Gagarin and manned space flight is great. But, you can make it even better, by creating an immersive experience. It’s not exactly space tourism, but it’s fun and a whole lot less expensive.

Basically, you will follow some of the pre-flight routines established and faithfully maintained by Russian cosmonauts. Note: Special thanks go to one of our readers, Olga, for all the tips, links and resources she compiled for this post.

«Посмотрите кино» [Watch a movie]

«За сутки до старта принято смотреть фильм “Белое солнце пустыни”, вот уже более тридцати лет так делают все космонавты.»

One of the customs observed by all cosmonauts for over 30 years is to watch a movie “White sun of the desert” 24 hours before the launch.

So make it a movie night tonight. You can watch a digitally restored film, 10 minutes at a time, on YouTube.com, starting with the first episode. If you are puzzled as to how this Soviet-era action film about a Red Army soldier’s adventures in the desert relates to space flight, just ask either in the comments below or on our Facebook page.

Or you can watch this 5-part documentary called «Белое солнце Байконура» [The white sun of Baikonur] for the answer (it’s in Part 1).

«Возьмите с собой мягкую игрушку» [Take a plush toy with you]

 «Мягкая игрушка играет не только роль талисмана, но и помогает космонавтам уловить момент, когда наступает состояние невесомости.»

A plush toy is not just a mascot, but helps cosmonauts to notice the moment when weightlessness begins.

«Распишитесь на двери» [Leave your autograph on the door]

«Утром перед полётом экипаж обязательно расписывается на дверях своих номеров.»

On the morning of the flight, the crew must leave their autographs on the doors of their hotel rooms.

«Пойте песню» [Sing a song]

«На улицу космонавты выходят под известную “космическую” песню группы “Земляне” “Земля в иллюминаторе”»

Cosmonauts exit out of the building to a famous “space” song “Earth in the porthole” by a Soviet-era group “Earthlings”.

«Пописайте» [Pee]

Yes, you read it right. That’s exactly what you must do on your way to the launch pad (work):

«Самая экстравагантная традиция космонавтов: помочиться на колесо автобуса, везущего их на стартовую площадку.»

The most eccentric of cosmonauts’ traditions is to pee on the tire of the bus taking them to the launch pad.

So don’t forget to stop by a rest area or a gas station on your way to work. Women-cosmonauts are exempt from this tradition.

«Ещё автографы» [More autographs]

«Весь экипаж обязательно расписывается на бутылке водки, которую выпивают уже после удачного полёта.»

The entire crew must autograph a bottle of vodka which will be drunk after a successful flight.

«Помашите рукой» [Wave your hand]

«Космонавты перед посадкой в корабль обязательно должны помахать рукой на прощание.»

Before getting into the rocket, cosmonauts must wave goodbye.

«Пинок от босса» [Kick from the boss]

«Напоследок перед стартом космонавты получают от начальника дружественный пинок.»

Lastly, before the launch cosmonauts get a friendly jab from their chief.

As for the mission itself, you can spend the entire work day watching videos on YouTube and RuTube, including more traditions, history of Baikonur, rocket launches, or episodes of «Новости из невесомости» [News from the weightlessness], a vlog by Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev.   

Finally, «Посадите дерево» [Plant a tree]

«После возвращения из полёта, космонавты сажают дерево на аллее космонавтов на Байконуре.»

Upon returning from the mission, cosmonauts plant a tree along the Alley of the Cosmonauts on Baikonur.

Happy April 12th! Let us know how you plan on celebrating it.


«Киев—очень старый город» [Kiev is a very old city], so there’s a lot to learn about its history. I’ll be splitting up these posts on «история Киева» [the history of Kiev] into multiple parts to make them more manageable.

There exists «легенда» [a legend] concerning «основание Киева» [the founding of Kiev]. According to this legend, «Киев был основан тремья братьями Кием, Щеком и Хоривом и сестрой Лыбедью» [Kiev was founded by the three brothers Kiy, Shchek, and Khoriv and their sister Lybed]. As you can see from its name, «город назван в честь старшего брата» [the city is named in honor of the eldest brother]. The picture at the beginning of this post is a monument in Kiev that commemorates this legend, or «памятник основателям Киева» [a monument to the founders of Kiev].

Another legend says that «Киев» emerged from «Хазарский каганат» [the Khazar khaganate] and was named in honor of «хазарский визир Куй» [the Khazar vizier Kui].

Nevertheless, archaeological evidence suggests that the first settlements «на территории Подола» [on the territory of Podol (an area in Kiev)] appeared no earlier than the 880s. (Quick quiz for you «литературоведы» [literature scholars, literature experts] out there: what famous Russian writer was born «на подоле» [in Podol]? I will give the answer at the end of this post.)

«С 882 (восемьсот восемьдесят второго) года, Киев стал столицей Киевской Руси» [From 882, Kiev became the capital of Kievan Rus] when «князь Олег» [Prince Oleg, also known in English as Oleg of Novgorod] conquered «Киев» and made it his residence.

«Киевский Русь» [Kievan Rus] became Christianized over a long period of time. The date of the conversion is generally given as «988 (девятьсот восемьдесят восьмой) год» [the year 988] with «крещение князя Владимир I Святославич» [the baptism of Prince Vladimir I Svyatoslavich or Vladimir I of Kiev]. After Vladimir was baptized, he urged the people living in Kiev to be baptized «в реке Днепре» [in the river Dnieper], thus rejecting the traditional «язычество» [paganism] that had been present in Kiev.

«Результат крещения Киевской Руси» [the result of the baptism of Kievan Rus] was that it became firmly aligned with the Byzantine Empire. This would prove significant when «раскол христианской церкви» [schism of the Christian church] happened in 1054.

This seems a good enough place to leave off as any–next week I’ll write about «Великий раскол» [the Great Schism] and the centuries after that. Also, I promised to give you the answer to my question I asked earlier: «Михаил Булгаков родился на подоле» [Mikhail Bulgakov was born in Podol].

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