Posts in October 2008

Word of the Week: пить [to drink]

Posted by Josefina

The word of the week today is a part of a delicate subject. I know. But this is Russian language and since some people tend to consider this language to have as many words for sipping drinks as the Eskimos do for snow, then I would like to set the record straight and clear up once for and all the myth that Russians love to drink themselves unconscious as soon as opportunity is given. Their relationship with vodka is not even close to the cliché, nor is it in real life as romanticized as it seems in Russian books and Soviet movies. There is here, as things often tend to be, much more than meets the eye - more than just settling with having learned that you make a toast using the words «на здоровье» [‘to health'] and that’s all you need to know *nudge, nudge, wink, wink*. Дамы и господа [ladies and gentlemen], I think it’s high time to take a closer look at the verb «пить» [impf. to drink]. It is a verb that I, and many people with me, often confuse when speaking with the verb «петь» [impf. to sing]. That’s partly because the sound «е» sounds just like «и» when unstressed in Russian, and partly because the conjugation of both these verbs are off the wall and hard to remember (don’t sweat it if you’re scratching your head trying to come up with «я пью» when wanting to say ‘I’m drinking’ but having it come out as «я пою», which really means ‘I’m singing’, it’s happened to the best of us, even though the difference here is, after all, существенно).  Such mispronunciation often leads to misunderstanding of you when you say «я больше не буду петь!» [I'm never going to sing again!] but what you really mean is «я больше не буду пить!» [I'm never going to drink again]. I googled the verb in Russian and the first site I came across was this intriguing blog «Бросить пить» [To quit drinking], chronicling one man’s efforts to stop drinking (obviously, alcohol, as we know that other forms of liquid are not only okay to consume, but may actually be good for you. - no, I wasn’t really talking about wine, but okay…)

For a moment I thought I was drunk when I saw this - a Christmas tree in October standing right outside of WTC in Yekaterinburg - tonight. But then I realized that I wasn’t; that it wasn’t me at all, but just general seasonal drunkenness ahead of itself.

The imperfect verb «пить» has a couple of possible perfect ‘friends’, as I like to call them (because calling them ‘comrades’ would be making a political statement that I’m not likely to make any day soon, though I must confess that my fingers ache to do so). For example «попить» [to drink some; to drink a little bit (of something)] in a sentence like: «я бы водички попила»  [I would like to drink some water] and «допить» [to drink up something; to drink all (of something)] like for example in: «он быстро допил стакан чаю» [he finished the glass of tea fast]. Others that are useful are more or less involved in the process of drinking alcohol specifically; and are, so to speak, synonyms to the verb «пьянствовать» [impfv. to drink too much; be frequently drunk]. which is a bad thing and largely to blame for the average Ivan Kuznetsov dying at an average of 55, in the prime of his life, leaving children and wife Masha to curse the national «потеха» [fun; amusement]. And rightly so. Another one of these perfect friends is «выпить» from the commonly known phrase used rather frequently «он не дурак выпить» [‘he likes to drink; he can hold his drink]. This verb has another imperfect friend - «выпивать».

Other words that share a common root with this verb are, for example:

«питьё» - drinking; drink, beverage.

«годный для питья» - fit to drink.

«питьевой» - drinking (attrib.).

«питьевая вода» - drinking water.

«питьевая сода» - baking soda; bicarbonate of soda.

Indeed, as a foreign student in Russia I am expected to try at least one new brand of vodka a week and wake up with my head under a toilet in a stranger’s bathroom every Saturday morning. If not, then how in the world can I claim to be getting the full Russian experience? Today I will admit to something that’s both shameful for me and for my country of origin - yes, Sweden; it just had to be the one country in the world where alcohol is sold only in state stores on weekdays between 10 am and 7 pm - I have never drunk as much in my life as I did when I used to live in Saint Petersburg and spent my days almost solely with other Swedish students. I’ve never seen such drunkenness as I saw back then during the fall of 2004. Nothing I came across since has ever even managed to come close to it, and that’s not to say a little - look, I’ve been to random parties with even more random men and women in tiny villages in faraway Siberia and you can trust me. Russians know how to handle the «градусы». Scandinavians - not so much. Perhaps at home in Stockholm they can - because it would be too expensive to let oneself go completely - but as soon as they step out of the plane on Pulkovo Airport they’re out of control. In Russia alcohol can be bought anywhere at anytime by anyone. This can cause quite the shock for the innocent Scandinavian. Such a society is not something we’re used to. I’m speaking from experience. The first time I realized that I could go to the kiosk across the street at 2 am and get a beer I was so happy that I was almost ready to trade in my European Union passport. Almost. Then morning came, the beer was finished and I realized that was just brief moment of madness. It happens. To the best of us. At first here in the Urals I was very disturbed by seeing kids on their way to school with a beer in hand before 8 in the morning. But then I noticed how many adults were doing the same thing on their way to work and I realized that me being disturbed wasn’t really going to do anything about it - to make a difference; I’d have to go to the root of the problem. Which is most likely going to turn out to be a place where I don’t want to go.

To make a long story shorter - in Russia I’ve met many different ways of dealing with alcohol. But one thing I’ve noticed here is that people are acutely aware of the shady side of drinking too much; also they are more forgiving to people who tend to drink too much. Russians judge less. Accept more. That’s one of the traits in Russians I love so much - their merciful dealing with human weakness. Perhaps that’s because I feel that I am too - deep, deep down inside - just like a character in the best of classical Russian novels; a weak human being with too high ideals, who keep trying to reach them but just fails and fails and falls down again and again. Russians forgive me this. Because they’re a people that understands weakness, that has the gift of «сострадание» [compassion]. That might even be one of my favorite words - «со» [with] and «страдание» [suffering]. Dang, I should’ve picked that for word of the week… well, too late! And the road to hell is indeed paved with good intentions…

 

Проблема с iPod…ом? [Problem with the iPod?]

Posted by Josefina

It was my favorite case already from the start. And no other case has ever been able to take its place as number one in my heart. Yes, I’m talking about «творительный падеж» [instrumental case]. Back when I first made my acquaintance with the six splendid cases of Russian language - yes, let’s all repeat them just for fun: «именительный» [nominative], «родительный» [genitive], «винительный» [accusative], «дательный» [dative], «предложный»  [locative] and the best one of them all - the glorious «творительный» [instrumental]. I remember when we first fell in love, it feels like it was yesterday, but it really wasn’t, it was over four years ago now, back in the days when I shared a flat in Saint Petersburg with another Swedish girl. Her name was Kajsa. And you should’ve seen the wide smile on my face when our teacher at the university told me that in the sentence for that in Russian was: «Я живу с Кайсой» [I live with Kajsa]. Wow! I had never seen grammar do such a thing to a word before; it practically swallowed the whole ending! And even better when the noun was a male one: «Я встречаюсь с Магнусом» [I'm dating Magnus (yeah, as the Russians would put it - «было дело»)]. But no matter how grand the instrumental case is for all words Russian, it can cause some trouble when paired with a word not so Russian. As the word ‘iPod’ (what language is that, by the way?) for example. As in the very real situation when I had some trouble with my iPod this past week, it wouldn’t synchronize with my iTunes at all, and so I decided to pop by the Apple store when I was at the mall and see what the boys there could do about it. But I was faced with the dilemma of… just how do you put that in Russian? I figured I’d just use my imagination, and see what I’d come up with so to speak, as I’m not a beginner of Russian after all… And that’s why I stepped up to the young man at the counter and said: «Извините, у меня проблема с моим айподом» [Excuse me, I have a problem with my iPod]. I got his attention; now what? «Он не хочет синхронизировать с айтюнсом» [It doesn't want to synchronize with iTunes]. The young man asked to take a close look at my iPod, so I handed it over, and then he plugged it into his computer, did something with it. A couple of minutes later he showed me that it was now working. I thanked him and left the store, blissfully happy after having affirmed the politeness of Apple’s staff and confirmed the convenience of the instrumental case. Then, later in the evening, my boyfriend (Russian and not afraid to show it) told me that such foreign words don’t change according to the Russian cases. That may be correct; nevertheless I think that’s pure madness. Why not share the beauty of Slavic cases with the rest of us? Don’t you agree?

Just how much do I love my little pink iPod? Find out here!

 

Who Was Sverdlov? and what’s with his statue still standing?

Posted by Josefina

Seemingly a day like any other, today I was present during a literary seminary at my university dealing with the heroic and historic short novel «Тарас Бульба» ["Taras Bulba"] by everyone’s favorite Николай Гоголь [Nikolay Gogol']. After about thirty minutes of pure literary theoretic discussion, all of the sudden the professor - the sweetest пушкиновед [scholar of Pushkin] I’ve ever met in Russia - turns to me and asks me: «Джозефина, вы знаете кто такие козаки(p.s. the spelling here is Gogol’s) [Josefina, do know who the Cossacks are?] I wasn’t sure, as anyone can be unsure of such things, even though I know my «Тихий Дон» ["And Quiet Flows the Don"] just as well as the next person, therefore I answered: «Смутно знаю. Однажды в Тобольске на улице их видела.» [I vaguely know. Once in Tobolsk I saw (some of) them on the street.] She was very pleased with my answer, and then explained that nobody knows where the Cossacks come from, how they came to be, but that Gogol’ does have a point (he says they were just Russians and Ukrainians who got tired of where they were in life and wanted to live another way of life - the Cossack way of life!). After this she pointed out through the window, to the statue of Свердлов [Sverdlov] standing on the square between the university and the opera here in the very center of Yekaterinburg and said: “And Sverdlov was the one to sign the decree ordering to kill all Cossacks. Did you know?” Of course I didn’t know. I knew, as well as anyone, that no Bolshevik revolutionary with a town named after them could’ve been an all together ‘good and decent guy’, but so far I only knew Sverdlov to have the blood of the Tsar and his family on his hands. But as it turns out - he has the strategic and planned murdering of a whole nationality - the Cossacks - on his conscience too. What a guy! The professor commented that many people, especially Western historians, with whom she’s met, are always surprised to find that his statue still stands here, that even though the town isn’t Свердловск anymore, there’s still a улица Свердлова [Sverdlov's Street] and the region is still called Свердловская область [Sverdlovsk Oblast']. This was followed by a long silence in the classroom and once again I was convinced of the timeless truth hidden within the depths of Russian Literature.

I found this two weeks ago. I guess the little linguist in me can’t help but to love the funny use of sounds and words in this one…

 

“Happiness in a time of Crisis” or «Крисиз как источник счастья»

Posted by Josefina

It is my favorite word in any language, but especially I love the sound of it in Russian - «счастье» [1. happiness, 2. (good) luck, (good) fortune]. I love how the two first letters «сч» together are pronounced like a «щ» making it «щастье»; an all together soft and pleasing, lovable little part of speech. Not to mention the meaning of it! That’s why, in our so called «смутное время» [‘time of troubles'], I was especially happy - that is, я была особо счастлива - when I found the editorial in my favorite weekly magazine with the following title: «Кризис как источник счастья» [The crisis as a source of happiness]. Yes, Russia has been feeling the economic crisis these past couple of weeks just as bad as any other country in the world, even though it has yet to hit home with the average Ivan Kuznetsov on the prospect. But it is slowly starting to show - for most Russians, in their wallets. Some banks are out of money, many bandks aren’t giving any loans any more at all for the time being; today I had to try five different ATMs before I could find one that would give me more than 5000 roubles (which is the limit of money you can take out per day set by a large number of banks). Yet Russians aren’t as untrained as the rest of us in matters like these - most just raise their eyebrows and ask with a slight ironic tone in their voice, straight away giving away their tranquil attitude: «А помните ли вы дефолта в 98-ом? После этого уже никакие кризисы нам не страшны[But do you remember the default in 98? After we're not afraid of any kind of crisis!] Of course, it won’t be as bad as ten years ago, but the effects are already visible in society - people are losing their jobs, it’s harder for people to find a new job, and some even claim that it’s all a big conspiracy by the world’s most powerful countries to nationalize all their resources and make people stop buying so much superfluous trash all the time. And I think wehave to get used to the idea of having less cash at hand to spend, but is that really such a bad thing? Think of all the things one can do for free! Or for very little money! There’s a gigantic world of possibilies out there even for those without a copeck in their pocket. Trust me. And it you don’t trust me - then let’s check some of the points made in the editorial by Григорий Тарасевич [Grigory Tarasevich].

For get all about busting out the credit card to pay for fancy French restaurants as a way of impressing a girl on the «первое свидание» [first date]. Not only is it kind of a cliché, and also an expensice one, but why not show her that you’re really a nature lover at heart, someone who loves long walks in parks, hiking and biking and what now? Or perhaps that’s just the Swedish part of me talking; the part that truly thinks nothing in the world can beat Mother Nature?

Кто-то из западных социологов отметил, что наибольший уровень счастья достигается за счёт самых дешёвых форм досуга. [Someone of the western sociologists noted that the very highest level of happiness is reached by the cheapest forms of recreation.]

Здесь кризис нам просто необходим, ибо по уровню счастья Россия прочно занимает одно из самых последних мест в мире, уступая большинству беднейших стран Африки и Латинской Америки. [And here is where we need the crisis most of all, since Russia's level of happiness has always been among the lowest in the world, far behind most of the poorest countries in Africa and Latin America.]

На чём в первую очередь экономит человек? На всяких потребительских радостях: покупке нового телевизора, походе в ресторан, поездке на курорт. [On what do people first of all save money? On all kinds of consumer delights: buying a new TV, going out to dinner, going away for the holiday.]

Благодаря проблемам с фьючерсами и прочими деривативами мы сумеем научиться получать удовольствие от того, что обходится бесплатно или стоит очень-очень дёшево. Кино заменят книги, ресторан - прогулка по парку, пятизвёздочный отель - волонтёрский лагерь. [Thanks to the problems with 'fuchers' and other 'derivates' we will learn to get pleasure from that which is free or costs very-very little. Movies will be replaced by books, restaurants - by a walk in the part, a five star hotel - by a volunteer camp.]

Если в докризисную эпоху парочки ходили по клубам и барам, то теперь у них останутся лишь чистое общение и чистый секс. Много секса. И много общения. [If couples in the era before the crisis would go out to clubs and bars, then now they will only have pure contact and pure sex. Lots of sex. And lots of contact.]

Кризис вообще способствует интимным отношениям, ведь искренний секс всегда бесплатный. [The crisis will generally promote intimate relations, as honest sex always is free of charge.]

Тот, кто постарше и успел обзавестись семьёй, тоже может оказаться в психологическом выигрыше. Опять-таки появляется секскак альтернатива шопингу. [Those who are a little bit older and had time to start a family, may also get a slize of the psychological prize. Once again sex appears - as an alternative to shopping.]

Жёны возвращаются на кухню - домашний борщ дешевле бизнес-ланча, да к тому же вкуснее, полезнее и душевнее. [The wives will return to the kitchen - homemade borshtj is cheaper than a business lunch, and it's also much tastier, healthier and 'better for the soul'.]

Муж принимается чинить и мастерить. В общем, идиллия. [The husband will fix things and make order in the house. In general, it's an idyll.]

I know probably not everyone will agree with this (even I am uncertain as to whether I’m all that happy about my return to the kitchen to cook borshtj), but reading this editorial really made my Saturday morning! Let’s face it - for the past couple of weeks there’s been nothing but bad news, and everything is getting more expensive while there’s less and less money in the wallet. And isn’t it nice when someone turns it around and make you see the bright side of life? Yes, instead of going to the movies, I think I’ll have some Dostoevsky. Or why not take a walk in the park instead of having a beer after work on Friday? And, though this might seem awfully secure and brave of me, but I don’t think my boyfriend will be too disappointed if I tell I’d rather stay in tonight than going out for dinner… Who knows, maybe this crisis will change us a little for the better?

 

Word of the Week: «Учиться»

Posted by Josefina

The word of this week is a verb (do note the «ь» [‘soft sign'] right after the «т», as that is a sure sign of the verb being in infinitiv, oh and don’t forget to pay attention to the «ся», because if you fail to do so, then you will not be aware of the fact that this verb is a [yes, I knew you'd figure it out long before I could say «Грамматика современного русского языка под редакцией Белошапковой»!] «возвратный глагол» reflexive verb) and a quite useful one aswell, if I may say so myself. And not just nowadays, I assure you, but there is solid proof that this verb has been around for some time now, as it is found in the popular saying by Владимир Ильич Ленин [Vladimir Il'ich Lenin]: «Учиться, учиться и учиться [‘Study, stydy and study!'].

This is a school in central Novosibirsk. On the top, right under the roof, there’s something written. I wonder what?

I’m sorry for the bad quality of my ‘zoom’, but at least it looks a little bit like it could say «Учиться, учиться и учиться. В. Ленин», don’t you think? (Because that’s what it says… still…in May 2008.)

This week I thought it would be fun to not just learn this word isolated from other words or in such boring textbook contexts as «я учусь в университете» [I study at the university], but together with other words who share the same root. That’s right - I’m going to try to find as many words as I can that share a «общий корень» with the verb «учиться». And there is only a very slight chance that I’ll find all of them, but hey, that’s where you enter into the picture! If you have any words to add, that I might have missed or simply neglegted, then feel free to bring ‘em in in the form of comments.

«учиться» - to study (somewhere); be a student; (only with dat.) to study (a subject, a foreign language, etc)

«учёба» - studies; training

«учебник» - textbook

«учебный» - educational; teaching; training

«учебное заведение» - educational institution

«учебные пособия» - teaching aids

«учебное поле» - training ground

«учебныи год» - school year; academic year

«учебный план» - curriculum

«учебная стрельба» - firing practice

«учение» - studies, studying, learning; apprenticeship; teaching; exersice; doctrine; (with gen.) the teachings (of)

«ученик/ученица» - pupil; appprentice; disciple

«ученический» - pupil’s, pupils’; crude, amateurish

«ученичество» - time spent as a student; apprenticeship

«учёность» - learning; erudition

«учёный» - learned, erudite, scholarly; scientific; academic; (of animals) trained; scholar

«учёная степень» - (college) degree

«училище» - (specialized) school

«учитель/учительница» - teacher

«учительская» - (sub.) teachers’ room

«учительство» - teaching; teachers

«учительствовать» - to be a teacher; to teach

«учить» - to teach; to study (something); to memorize (a lesson); to learn (a language)

«выучить» - perfect of «учить»

«научить» - perfect of «учить»

These words all share the root «уч» which can be found in the following words, which have meanings related to those above:

«изучать» - (impfv.) to study

«изучение» - study; studying

«изучить» - (pfv.) to study; to learn; to get to know

I suppose it would take a long time to gather all these words related to each other together all in one place, just like it takes much effort to gather a family of humans together. But it sure is interesting, isn’t it? I always try and look for a familiar ‘root’ in any new Russian word I meet, and if I find one, then, unless it is a really long and difficult words made out of 5 roots, I already have a hunch, and sometimes more than just a hunch, of what the meaning of the word is. My lesson to all is as follows - not too far from Lenin, I must admit - know your «словообразование» [word construction]! If you know how to find the root in one word, you’ll be able to find it in any word. Trust me. Or don’t - see for yourself, that’s always better.