Posts under History

Online Brazil Photography Collection

Posted by Rachel

Until June, you can access one of the most spectacular collections of Brazilian photography with works dating from the late 1800s to the 1980s, taken by professionals and amateurs alike. The majority of the collection was taken in Rio de Janeiro but there are sections in other states, like São Paulo. The collection is organized by the Instituto Moreira Salles, which has excellent museums and cultural centers in four Brazilian cities. The photography collection, organized by the Rio museum, includes around 10,000 photographs, which are now available online.

Some of the photographers include Marc Ferrez, Marcel Gautherot, Carlos Moskovics, José Medeiros, Madalena Schwartz, Vincenzo Pastore, and Claude Levi-Strauss.

Click here to access the photography index, and click on the names on the right for each collection.

 

UCLA Launches Brazil Center

Posted by Rachel

This month, the University of California, Los Angeles opened a center devoted to Brazil studies as a part of a larger center focusing on the Southern Cone. The center’s opening also featured an exhibit “Rio de Janeiro: Two Centuries of Urban Change, 1808-2008,” which will be on display at the Charles E. Young Research Library until June. The exhibit features photos, films, documents, and art to show the modernization of one of Brazil’s largest cities.

The exhibit and the new center are run by José Luiz Passos, a professor of Portuguese literature. The center will serve as an academic focus with Brazil-centered courses, lectures, films and TV series, working groups, and working papers.

For more information about the Brazil center, see the official website.

 

Video Learning Series

Posted by Rachel

Today, we begin a new series using Youtube videos in Portuguese to practice listening skills, as well as a way to learn about Brazilian culture and history.

This excellent series, called O Povo Brasileiro, is broken down into thirty videos on Youtube, which describes Brazilian history from its indigenous origins to modernity. After watching the full series, you’ll be an expert on Brazil! Below are the first, fifteenth and thirtieth videos. You can find the rest of the videos here.

 

A Brief History of Brazilian Currency

Posted by Rachel

Today we’re going to look at the many changes Brazilian currency has undergone throughout history. To understand the difference in value of each currency, see here. Until recently, the Brazilian economy was quite unstable and inflation was often quite high, and as a result the currency changed many times. You’ll note that some of the currencies were used for less than a year!

  • Réis: used during the Portuguese empire and the new Republic, until 1942
  • Cruzeiro: used from 1942-1967
  • Cruzeiro novo: used from 1967-1970
  • Cruzeiro: used again from 1970-1986
  • Cruzado: used from 1986-1989
  • Cruzado novo: used from 1989-1990
  • Cruzeiro: used yet again from 1990-1993
  • Cruzeiro real: used from 1993-1994
  • Real: began use in 1994, still used today

 

The History of Havaianas

Posted by admin

Havaianas, the Brazilian flip flop brand popular worldwide, has an interesting history, so let’s take a look.

In 1962, the São Paulo Alpargatas company began to produce a sandal based on the design of the Japanese flip flop, called the zori. However, instead of using straw to make them, they used rubber, which made a very comfortable and durable sandal. In the 1960s, Havaianas were sold at small, neighborhood stores for a low price, and were purchased exclusively by the lower classes. For this reason, Havaianas were known as “chinelos de pobre” (poor man’s flip flops) during this period.  

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Nevertheless, Havaianas were very successful at the time, selling a thousand pairs a day. Due to their popularity, many imitator brands arose, and in 1970 Havaianas came out with a new campaign called “Havaianas: As Legítimas” (Havaianas: the Legitimate Ones) to try to beat the competition.

It wasn’t until 1994 that Havaianas became a success with the middle and upper classes in Brazil. Some Brazilians say it is because foreign tourists began buying the brand, but it was also because of a change in design. In this year, the company released a new line of monochromatic sandals and by 1996, Havaianas had truly become a national brand, reaching new consumers all over the country. Two years later, the brand released a special edition flip flop, Havaianas Brazil, in honor of the World Cup. The small Brazilian flag logo would be Havaianas’ new trademark.

By 2000, the brand became a hit with celebrities and models, and the following year Havaianas began exporting their flip flops. Now wildly popular from the US to Australia, Havaianas have been featured in important retail stores, high end fashion shows, and even the Oscars. There are now nearly twenty different lines of Havaianas for men, women, children and babies, and an estimated 160 million flip flops are sold every year.