Posts tagged w/ verbs

Polish Present Tense

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Of course, since last time I bravely announced that the next post would be about grammar, I put on my procrastinator’s hat and have been doing everything possible to put it off for as long as possible. But then today my friend said “you’re stupid, the sooner you explain this grammar stuff, the sooner you can devote your time to more interesting things – like visiting me, for example.” And then she went on and actually did the grammar explaining as well:

“It’s really simple, OK? In English they have this whole bunch of useless tenses, the one with ‘do you blah blah’ and the one with ‘ing something something’ and then the one with ‘been ing whatever, anyway you know it and besides who cares? All your people really need to know that in Polish all this nonsense turns into one normal present tense, just how gods intended it to be in the first place. End of grammar lesson, now, when do you come visit me? I kup jakieś ciasto po drodze, OK? (and buy some cake on your way)”

(Now, if all Polish teachers could be like that! Wow!)

Unfortunately, I’m sure that now “my people” are staring at their computer screens and thinking “come again? ing blah something whatever? huh?”

So, let’s go over it again. And this time let’s use a handy example. How about the one from the previous post, the one about “Ja uczę się polskiego”?

In English you can say the following things:

  • I study Polish.
  • I’m studying Polish.

and

  • I’ve been studying Polish.

And yes, “uczyć się” can be translated into English as both “to learn” and “to study” and don’t listen to Poles telling you otherwise.
In Polish the verb “studiować” (to study) is used almost exclusively when referring to higher education, as in “I studied psychology at Harvard.” - Studiowałam psychologię na Harvardzie. (no, not really, I’m not that ambitious.)


But a sentence such as: “I’ve been studying Polish for two years” can be translated into Polish as “Uczę się (języka) polskiego od dwóch lat.” So for today, we’ll stick with “to study – uczyć się”, OK?

And see what happened above?

The “been ing whatever” (I’ve been studying Polish by myself) became simply “Uczę się polskiego od dwóch lat” in Polish.

By the way, here’s a little something worth remembering. In English we say “for two years” while the Polish equivalent is “od dwóch lat”, which when translated back to English means “since two years.” Which explains why plenty of Poles say it like that when speaking English.

And how about “I study Polish when I have time.”?
Uczę się polskiego kiedy mam czas.

See, again just a regular present tense in Polish. Nothing fancy.

So how about “I’m studying Polish, be quiet.”?
Uczę się polskiego, bądź cicho.


And again the “ing something something” became the same old boring present tense in Polish.

And voila! My friend was absolutely correct. And it only took her 15 seconds to explain this issue. Man, I have a lot to learn… Now, what kind of cake should I buy? I’m thinking “drożdżowka” (yeast cake).

 

Polski via Skype - Learning Polish via Skype?

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Thank you once again! I’m sure that your answers to my question in the last post are going to be very helpful to any readers who are still not sure whether to sign up for a Polish language class or go it alone. And as a few of you noticed, sometimes there’s no choice – it’s self-study or nothing, because Polish classes can be hard to find in some places.

That brings me to another point I’d like to know your opinion about. What do you think about the effectiveness of learning via Skype with a tutor? A couple of you mentioned this way of studying Polish and this is something I’d like to know more about from the student’s point of view.

You see, I am myself helping a couple of Polish learners via Skype and from where I’m sitting, it looks like a wonderful way to study a foreign language. It can be a quasi-language course, and a quasi-private class with all the convenience of doing it in your pajamas.

But how effective is it, really? Do you think that it can replace a structured “in-person” language course and offer the same learning benefit? To be honest, this is something I’m not sure about, and as a tutor I may be shooting myself in the foot here, but I have to say that Skype is not for everybody. It requires the same discipline and dedication as independent self-study. And it requires more concentration and attention than working one-on-one with a tutor face-to-face – for both the teacher AND the student. Myself, I find it more challenging than working with a student in real life.

But those of you who use this option, do you think you get out of it what you want to get? Are you happy with your results and the progress you are making? And how do you deal with the time difference if you and the tutor live in different time zones? Who stays up? Is it you or the teacher? Do you think this method can be used alone, or is it best in conjunction with something else?

I think Polish is a very challenging language to teach via Skype. A simple conversation lesson about, let’s say, ordering beer, almost always ends up as a very involved grammatical explanation of, let’s say, noun cases or numerals. However, what I think might be vastly different from what you guys think.

I know that quite a few Polish tutors read this blog, and I know your answers will be very valuable not only to me, but to anyone who teaches a foreign language on the internet. And that in turn should bring better results to our students.

  • uczyć się polskiego – to learn Polish
  • uczyć się – to learn

Remember when we talked about “się” and how it can change the meaning of a verb completely?
Here’s your chance to review:

  • Ja uczę polskiego. – I (am) teach(ing) Polish (“language” is implied and understood). – This is what I would say about myself.

But:

  • Ja uczę się polskiego. – I (am) learn(ing) Polish (“language” is implied and understood) – this is what you could say about yourself.

But if you want to direct the first sentence to me, what would you say?

  • Ty uczysz polskiego. – You (are) teach(ing) Polish.

And if I want to direct the second sentence to you, what would I say?

  • Ty uczysz się polskiego. – You (are) learn(ing) Polish.

Ok, next time we will take a look at the many different English tenses this one Polish sentence can be translated into. Yes, it’s grammar time! Oh joy, oh joy!

 

Polish Word of the Week - Przeprowadzka

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Hi guys! I’m back in the land of internet again! I promise to respond to all your comments shortly. And a couple of them gave me ideas for new blog posts - thanks Pinolona and Jennifer! And audio files are coming back, too! I just need to unpack my boxes to find the mic.

But for now, let’s talk about przeprowadzka (moving house). You have to admit, it can be a very exciting experience. Yes, it’s also awfully stressful and tiresome. Plenty of stuff to do and to take care of. First pakowanie (packing), which can be a total disaster when done wrong. And it definitely went wrong in our case, or at least - not quite right. Being too cheap to hire a moving company, pakowaliśmy wszystko sami (we packed everything ourselves).

Today, when unpacking, I was faced with such life mysteries as socks inside a rice cooker (to economize space, I presume) and a cat carrier stuffed with assorted bathroom items (luckily, we have more than one cat carrier case, otherwise the furry ones would have been in trouble).

After this przeprowadzka, I can honestly say that I’ve had enough of moving house for a long while.

So, because I’m really not looking forward to more rozpakowywanie (unpacking) tonight, let’s talk about przeprowadzka vocabulary instead. Don’t worry, you’ll see it’s a very interesting word.

The word “przeprowadzka” is of course a noun, a feminine noun at that (plural: przeprowadzki). But where does it come from? From a verb. The verb is “przeprowadzać się.” And here is where it gets interesting.

You see, “przeprowadzać się” is an imperfective form of “przeprowadzić się.”

These two guys in turn come from other verbs – “prowadzać się” and “prowadzić się” respectively.

But the meaning of those stem verbs is totally different. And then different again, if you drop the reflexive “się” bit.

Take a look:

  • prowadzić (imperfective) – to drive (as in “prowadzić samochód” – to drive a car), to lead (as in “prowadzić naprzód” – to lead forward), to run (as in “prowadzić firmę” – to run a business), to guide (as in “prowadzić wycieczkę”) and so on…

  • prowadzić się – to behave, to conduct oneself

And see what happens when you stick “prze-“ to the front of this verb?

  • przeprowadzić – to lead (escort) someone across (as in “przeprowadzić babcię przez ulicę” – to escort grandma across the street), to carry out something (as in “przeprowadzić eksperyment” – to carry out an experiment)

and

  • przeprowadzić się – to move house

See? I told you this is an interesting word. How it managed to morph from “to drive” to “to move house” I’m not entirely sure. It’s one of those quirky little things that make Polish so much fun.

 

Even More Perfective and Imperfective Goodness

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Yes, I am still enjoying myself in Antigua and Barbuda. But I couldn’t just go away and leave you without a new post.
So, I thought we might as well continue with the perfective and imperfective stuff. It’s always a pain to learn, and I’m pretty sure we could keep talking about for the next 10 weeks and not get bored.

Remember how I mentioned once before that some Polish verbs turn from imperfective into perfective through the use of prefixes? I read somewhere that there are about 18 of those prefixes, but fortunately for us, these eight are the most common:

  • na-
  • z-
  • za-
  • po-
  • u-
  • o-
  • prze-
  • wy-

And I know you’re just itching to see them in action. So, here they come, just a few examples:

  • czytać (imperfective) – przeczytać (perfective) – to read
  • golić (imperfective) – ogolić (perfective) – to shave
  • słyszeć (imperfective) – usłyszeć (perfective) – to hear
  • pisać (imperfective) – napisać (perfective) – to write
  • rozumieć (imperfective) – zrozumieć (perfective) – to understand
  • robić (imperfective) – zrobić (perfective) – to do
  • płacić (imperfective) – zapłacić (perfective) – to pay
  • pić (imperfective) – wypić (perfective) – to drink
  • jechać (imperfective) – pojechać (perfective) – to ride, to go (not no foot),
  • dziękować (imperfective) – podziękować (perfective) – to thank
  • gotować (imperfective) – ugotować (perfective) – to cook
  • prosić (imperfective) – poprosić (perfective) – to ask
  • myć (imperfective) – umyć (perfective) – to wash
  • dzwonić (imperfective) – zadzwonić (perfective) – to ring, to call on the phone

Unfortunately, it’s impossible to predict which prefix goes with which verb. Sometimes a prefix that makes one verb perfective can completely change the meaning of another verb. So, sadly, the only way to figure it out is to memorize the verbs and the prefixes as you go along.

 

Adverbs and Aspect

Posted by Anna Ikeda

When you read this post I’ll be most likely sitting on a ferry going from Antigua to Barbuda. Oh yeah!
But I couldn’t just go on vacation and leave you here with nothing to read, now could I?

So, I thought that in my absence we continue with the perfective-imperfective goodness and see where it takes us.

My very own Polish language test subject asked me if there was any way to magically divine whether a verb used in a sentence is perfective or imperfective. Well, I’m not so sure about magic - that stuff always eludes me, but there are some non- magical subtle clues sometimes. You just need to learn to look for them.

Adverbs are one of those clues. You see, some adverbs are more compatible with imperfective verbs, and some with perfective.

Here’s a handy list.

Adverbs compatible with imperfective verbs:

  • od czasu do czasu – from time to time
  • rzadko – seldom
  • wciąż – continually
  • ciągle – often
  • często – often
  • nigdy – never
  • zawsze – always
  • jeszcze – still
  • czasami, czasem – sometimes
  • zwykle – usually
  • długo – for a long time
  • regularnie – regularly

And adverbs compatible with perfective verbs:

  • za chwilę – in a moment
  • nagle – suddenly
  • właśnie – (only) just
  • dopiero co – only just
  • zaraz – right away
  • w końcu – in the end
  • wkrótce – shortly, soon
  • natychmiast – immediately
  • przed chwilą – a moment ago

For example:
Zawsze wracam późno z pracy. – I always return late from work.
Właśnie wróciłam z pracy. – I have just returned from work.

  • wracać – to return, to come back (imperfective)
  • wrócić – to return, to come back (perfective)