Posts tagged w/ tenses

Polski via Skype - Learning Polish via Skype?

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Thank you once again! I’m sure that your answers to my question in the last post are going to be very helpful to any readers who are still not sure whether to sign up for a Polish language class or go it alone. And as a few of you noticed, sometimes there’s no choice – it’s self-study or nothing, because Polish classes can be hard to find in some places.

That brings me to another point I’d like to know your opinion about. What do you think about the effectiveness of learning via Skype with a tutor? A couple of you mentioned this way of studying Polish and this is something I’d like to know more about from the student’s point of view.

You see, I am myself helping a couple of Polish learners via Skype and from where I’m sitting, it looks like a wonderful way to study a foreign language. It can be a quasi-language course, and a quasi-private class with all the convenience of doing it in your pajamas.

But how effective is it, really? Do you think that it can replace a structured “in-person” language course and offer the same learning benefit? To be honest, this is something I’m not sure about, and as a tutor I may be shooting myself in the foot here, but I have to say that Skype is not for everybody. It requires the same discipline and dedication as independent self-study. And it requires more concentration and attention than working one-on-one with a tutor face-to-face – for both the teacher AND the student. Myself, I find it more challenging than working with a student in real life.

But those of you who use this option, do you think you get out of it what you want to get? Are you happy with your results and the progress you are making? And how do you deal with the time difference if you and the tutor live in different time zones? Who stays up? Is it you or the teacher? Do you think this method can be used alone, or is it best in conjunction with something else?

I think Polish is a very challenging language to teach via Skype. A simple conversation lesson about, let’s say, ordering beer, almost always ends up as a very involved grammatical explanation of, let’s say, noun cases or numerals. However, what I think might be vastly different from what you guys think.

I know that quite a few Polish tutors read this blog, and I know your answers will be very valuable not only to me, but to anyone who teaches a foreign language on the internet. And that in turn should bring better results to our students.

  • uczyć się polskiego – to learn Polish
  • uczyć się – to learn

Remember when we talked about “się” and how it can change the meaning of a verb completely?
Here’s your chance to review:

  • Ja uczę polskiego. – I (am) teach(ing) Polish (“language” is implied and understood). – This is what I would say about myself.

But:

  • Ja uczę się polskiego. – I (am) learn(ing) Polish (“language” is implied and understood) – this is what you could say about yourself.

But if you want to direct the first sentence to me, what would you say?

  • Ty uczysz polskiego. – You (are) teach(ing) Polish.

And if I want to direct the second sentence to you, what would I say?

  • Ty uczysz się polskiego. – You (are) learn(ing) Polish.

Ok, next time we will take a look at the many different English tenses this one Polish sentence can be translated into. Yes, it’s grammar time! Oh joy, oh joy!

 

Teach and Learn

Posted by Anna Ikeda

I was talking to my friend today, and as always, she does her best to express herself in Polish. She’s been studying the language for quite some time now, and generally does a very good job when writing in Polish. However, when it comes to speaking, things can get a bit confusing at times.

Today she was explaining to me that she got a new job.

She: Mam nową pracę.” – I have a new job!
Me: Świetnie! Gdzie?” – Great! Where?
She: W szkole średniej.” – In a high school.
She: Będę uczyć się matematyki.” – I’ll be learning (studying) math.

Huh?

Of course what she meant to say was:

  • Będę uczyć matematyki. – I’ll be teaching math.

However, by adding that pesky reflexive “się” in Polish, the sentence got a totally different meaning.

I explained it to her, and she said it probably came from the fact that she’d been saying “Uczę się polskiego” (I’m learning Polish) for a very long time.

You see, while “się” following a verb tells us it’s a reflexive verb, some of those verbs can and do exist without “się” as well. And some of those verbs without “się” actually mean something else in English than their “się” equivalents.

I hope I didn’t totally confuse you now.

Just take a look:

  • uczyć się – to learn, to study
  • uczyć – to teach

This is a very common mistake even for Poles who learn English. While Polish students confuse “learn” and “teach” their foreign counterparts get stumped by uczyć and uczyć się.

We will talk more about “się” very soon. It’s a very handy word, as you’ll see.

For now, I’ll give you all the “uczyć (się)” verb forms.

Future tense:

  • ja - będę uczyć (się) or będę uczyła (się) / uczył (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • ty - będziesz uczyć (się) or będziesz uczyła (się) / uczył (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • on – będzie uczyć (się) or będzie uczył (się)
  • ona – będzie uczyć (się) or będzie uczyła (się)
  • ono – będzie uczyć (się) or będzie uczyło (się
  • my – będziemy uczyć (się) or będziemy uczyły (się) / uczyli (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • wy – będziecie uczyć (się) or będziecie uczyły (się) / uczyli (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • oni – będą uczyć (się) or będą uczyli (się)
  • one – będą uczyć (się) or będą uczyły (się)

present tense:

  • ja – uczę (się)
  • ty – uczysz (się)
  • on/ona/ono – uczy (się)
  • my – uczymy (się)
  • wy – uczycie (się)
  • oni/one – uczą (się)

past tense:

  • ja – uczyłam (się) / uczyłem (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • ty – uczyłaś (się) / uczyłeś (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • on – uczył (się)
  • ona – uczyła (się)
  • ono – uczyło (się)
  • my – uczyłyśmy (się) / uczyliśmy (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • wy – uczyłyście (się) / uczyliście (się) (fem. / masc.)
  • oni – uczyli (się)
  • one – uczyły (się)

And as you can see, this is an imperfective verb, because it occurs in all three tenses.
Also, it’s more or less regular, and I’m sure by now, if you’ve followed our verb posts, you can spot the pattern of how the regular verbs change according to person (ja, ty, on, etc.) and number (plural and singular) in all the tenses.

 

Perfective vs Imperfective

Posted by Anna Ikeda

One of you sent me an email wanting to know more about the verbs I listed in the Dative part 3 blog post. “What’s the deal with those two forms?” was the question.

Well, I’m glad you asked. And here are the verbs in question:

Remember when we were talking about grammatical aspect and imperfective verbs? I said back then that almost all Polish verbs have two grammatical aspects – perfective and imperfective.

Perfective means or implies than an action is finished and completed. Imperfective – that the outcome of whatever it is you are doing is still pending, or that an action is habitual, or somesuch. And I also said that perfective verbs don’t exist in the present tense.

Are you with me? OK so far?

Then let’s take a look at our verb list above.
Dać” and “dawać” both mean the same in English, but in Polish the difference is quite visible. They both can be translated as “to give.” So, what’s the deal with the difference?

Dać” means to give once and it’s done, finished. Whoever you gave it to now has it and you can go home. The action is completed. You have nothing else to do. As a perfective verb, it has no present tense. It only exists in the past and the future. For example:
Dałam jej pieniądze. – I (female speaker) gave her money. She has it now. I only gave it to her once.

Dawać,” on the other hand, implies a habitual action. Something you do over and over. And as an imperfective verb, it has forms in all three tenses. Here’s one example:
Dawałam jej pieniądze. – I (female speaker) have/had been giving her money. For some time in the past she (whoever she might be) had been getting cash from me. Lucky her.

You see the difference now? What in English is accomplished by different tenses, in Polish is done by different verbs.

Here are the forms of “dać

Future tense: audio

  • ja – dam
  • ty – dasz
  • on/ona/ono – da
  • my – damy
  • wy – dacie
  • oni – dadzą

Past tense: audio

  • ja (fem / masc) – dałam / dałem
  • ty (fem / masc) – dałaś/ dałeś
  • on – dał
  • ona – dała
  • ono – dało
  • my (fem / masc) – dałyśmy / daliśmy
  • wy (fem / masc) dałyście / daliście
  • oni – dali
  • one – dały

And now for “dawać

Future tense: audio

  • ja – będę dawać or będę dawała / dawał (fem / masc)
  • ty – będziesz dawać or będziesz dawała / dawał (fem / masc)
  • on – będzie dawać or będzie dawał
  • ona – będzie dawać or będzie dawała
  • ono – będzie dawać or będzie dawało
  • my – będziemy dawać or będziemy dawały / dawali (fem / masc)
  • wy – będziecie dawać or będziecie dawały / dawali (fem / masc)
  • oni – będą dawać or będą dawali
  • one – będą dawać or będą dawały

Present tense: audio

  • ja – daję
  • ty – dajesz
  • on/ona/ono – daje
  • my – dajemy
  • wy – dajecie
  • oni – dają

Past tense: audio

  • ja (fem / masc) – dawałam / dawałem
  • ty (fem / masc) dawałaś / dawałeś
  • on – dawał
  • ona – dawała
  • ono – dawało
  • my (fem / masc) – dawałyśmy / dawaliśmy
  • wy (fem / masc) – dawałyście / dawaliście
  • oni – dawali
  • one – dawały

Complicated? Nah! Just a little maybe.