Posts tagged w/ plural

About the Mammas and the Pappas - in Polish

Posted by Anna Ikeda

The other day I was discussing motherhood with one of my friends. No, I am not planning to have a baby, I have two cats and I’m quite happy with them for the time being. However, my friend has a baby and we were going over the joys and perils of motherhood and the problems of fatherhood. And then we started to marvel at just how gloriously illogical this language of ours is.

Because take a look at this:

Motherhood is “macierzyństwo”. But fatherhood is not “tacierzyństwo” but “ojcostwo”.
Maternity leave is “urlop macierzyński”. And what about paternity leave? Until very recently there wasn’t even such animal in Poland. But now that there is (and will be officially official at all places of employment beginning next year for all new fathers who want to take advantage of it) what do we call it in Polish? Urlop tacierzyński.

But that’s not all. That’s just the beginning of problems with dads.
Ok, mom and dad are two of the first words that a child learns, or so I hear. In Polish those words are easy: mama and tata.

You’d think that it must be pretty hard to screw up something to easy and so basic that every Pole older than 9 months knows it, right? Wrong! Because in reality it’s not that easy, trust me.

While the plural of “mama” is of course “mamy” – every child knows that, what is the plural of “tata”? Automatically, we wanted to say “taty”. We even called a friendly elementary school teacher to see what she had to say. How does she tell the kids to ask their moms and dads to come to the meeting, for example? She tried to cheat and said: “mamy i ojcowie” (moms and fathers).

But how do you say “dads” in plural without cheating and using “fathers” instead? Does “tata” even have a plural form? Yes, it (he? LOL) does.

The correct plural of “tata” is “tatowie”. I know, you don’t have to tell me. I don’t see any logic in it either. The plural of “mama” is “mamy” but the plural of “tata” is “tatowie”. Apparently, that noun follows the same pattern as “dziadek – dziadkowie” (grandfather – grandfathers) and “wujek – wujkowie” (uncle – uncles). Yes, but those masculine nouns don’t end in “a”. And those masculine nouns that do end in “a”, such as kierowca (driver) or doradca (advisor) have plural forms eerily resembling those of “mamy” – kierowcy (drivers) and doradcy (advisors).

So, let’s review:

  • mama (feminine) – mamy (feminine, plural)

but

  • tata (masculine) – tatowie (masculine, plural)
  • urlop macierzyński – maternity leave

but

  • urlop tacierzyński – paternity leave

but

  • ojcostwo – fatherhood (also paternity), oddly enough, grammatically this noun is neuter in gender.

but

  • macierzyństwo – motherhood (also grammatically neuter)

And those are just the linguistic problems, we’re not even talking about smelly diapers here!

 

Problems with Priests (in plural)

Posted by Anna Ikeda

What is it that I am reading about Polish priests wanting to marry and have families? This is the BBC article in English, but I have seen this story reported in the Polish media as well.

A controversial topic, no doubt about it.

But since I happen to know two Polish priests (we met while working on a volunteer project in a far-away land) I thought I’d get the scoop straight from the horse’s mouth, so to speak.

Both of my priestly friends are now back in Poland doing whatever it is that Catholic priests do. We’ve always been able to have very frank conversations, even on subjects that could be considered uncomfortable, or even taboo.

I forwarded the BBC article to both guys and waited to hear what they had to say about it.

My conversation with priest number 1:

A: So, what do you think?
#1: The figure is too low.
A: Which figure?
#1: The one that says “more than 12% even admitted they were presently living in stable relationships with women.”
A: You think it’s even higher?
#1: I KNOW it’s higher. Listen, priests are human, too. You can talk about celibacy all you want, but it’s just not working.
A: So you mean there are no idealistic, true believing priests that stick to the rules?
#1: They’re rare, but they do exist. They’re the exception, not the rule.
A: And what about you?
#1: Are you going to write about it?
A: Yes.
#1: Hmmm… You know, it’s just a job, like any other. Some people are doctors, some are engineers, I’m a priest. It’s a career choice.
A: Are you happy with your career then?
#1: It’s going pretty well, nothing to complain.
A: So, are you in a relationship right now?
#1: Let’s just say that the 12% does not reflect what’s going on among my fellow priests, OK?
A: OK, gotcha. Thanks.

My conversation with priest number 2:

#2: You still like to ask uncomfortable questions, I see?
A: As always.
#2: Then instead of mulling over those numbers, there’s an even more important question to be asked.
A: Is there a crisis brewing in the Polish priesthood?
#2: Wrong question. What I want to know is why the wrong sort of people is allowed to enter seminaries? And why are they allowed to take vows and become full-fledged priests?
A: A national priest shortage maybe?
#2: That’s no excuse. When you get better quality of people into seminaries, you get better priests.
A: You mean “true believers”?
#2: (exasperated sigh.) Nobody says anything about true believers. But those who think of becoming priests do it for all the wrong reasons.
A: Then what would be the right reasons?
#2: (another exasperated sigh.) Listen, being a priest is a job. And a lot of hard work. And one of the requirements of this job is to be celibate. If you think it’s a stupid requirement, then go join the navy instead. There’s enough garbage in the priesthood as it is. And there are plenty of other jobs out there.

So, this is what my friendly priests had to say. I like and respect them both tremendously, regardless of their personal views. I’m not a religious person myself, so this whole issue is really a non-issue to me.

What is an issue to me is the plural form of the Polish word for “priest.”
As a singular noun, it’s easy enough: ksiądz.
But wait a sec. One ksiądz, but in plural - księża.

Whoa! Where did that come from? “Ą” became “ę” and “dz” turned into “ż.”
Now ask someone to quickly go through all the cases of “księża.” Follow it with all the cases of “książę” (prince) and watch them squirm.

So, jeden ksiądz (one priest), but in plural – księża. With some plural masculine nouns, number two - dwa morphs into dwaj.  So, you need to say: dwaj księża (two priests).

And, jeden książę (one prince), but in plural – książęta.

See what I mean? There are greater problems than księża wanting to get married.

 

Genitive Case, part 4

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Thomas asked what happened to audio files with pronunciation that I used to provide on this blog. I will be reunited with my own computer and microphone on March 10th and then pliki dźwiękowe (audio files) will be back. And I do plan to go back and provide them for all the posts where they’re currently missing. This will be dużo roboty (a lot of work) but I know it will help you a lot, too.

In the meantime, let’s answer Michael’s question: what is the difference between domy and domów?

Ah, time to review noun declensions, isn’t it? Domy is the nominative plural form of “dom” (house, home, building).
So, jeden dom (one house, home, building) and dwa domy (two houses, homes, buildings).

Remember the genitive case (dopełniacz)? We talked about it here and here and here.

And why am I bringing it up again? Because it just so happens that “domów” is the genitive case of “domy.”

Dom is a masculine noun with what we call in Polish a “hard stem.” And such masculine hard-stem nouns take the ending –ów in the genitive plural form.

Take a look:

  • Nominative (mianownik) - answers to questions: kto? co? (who? what?) – singular – dom
  • Genitive (dopełniacz) – answers to questions: kogo? czego? – singular – domu

And now in plural:

  • Nominative – domy
  • Genitive – domów

For example:

  • Ładne domy tutaj macie. – Nice houses you have here.
  • Nie widzę żadnych ładnych domów w tej okolicy. – I don’t see any nice houses in this area.

And as you can see, the adjective “ładny” (nice) declines along with the noun it describes – dom.

  • ładny (adj., fem: ładna, neuter: ładne, pl. personal: ładni, pl. all others: ładne) – pretty, nice.
 

More Pronoun Fun: Ci, Te

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Ok, so today I’m supposed to tell you how to figure out the gender when it comes to plural nouns and adjectives. But first, we need to talk just a tiny little but about those plural nouns and their genders.

You see, those plural nouns can be confusing. They are even to me. And I should know this stuff, I’m Polish. But even so, I sometimes have to stop and think about it.

That we have three genders in singular you know already. However, in plural, those three genders become two. And they’re no longer so nicely organized into masculine, feminine, and neuter. Oh no! Polish can’t be THAT easy!

Instead, our plural nouns have two bizarre genders called:

- personal masculine
- everything else.

Read More »

 

Plural, Singular or Something In-Between?

Posted by Anna Ikeda

This last post about wakacje (holidays) made me a little bit confused. OK, not a little. A lot. While writing it, I was unable to fully determine the grammatical gender of “wakacje”, and a random selection of my countrymen to whom I posed that question just looked at me with utter bewilderment.
You mean it has a gender?” and “I’m sure it’s not masculine” were two of the most sensible answers. And mind you, we’re Poles discussing Polish grammar.

The “wakacje” question eventually turned into an even bigger problem when we discovered just how inconsistent Polish grammar books are. And boy! Are they ever!

We finally determined that the grammatical gender of “wakacje” is not quite neuter in the strict neuter sense, but can be called neuter for all intents and purposes here. It’s also an uncountable noun, which exists only in the plural form. And guess what? It’s not the only one. There’s more.

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