Posts under History

Vernal Equinox and Old Slavic Traditions - Topienie Marzanny

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Yesterday was pierwszy dzień wiosny (first day of spring). Or is it today? But only theoretically, because you wouldn’t know it from looking outside. And that’s the problem with spring – it ignores the calendar and shows up when it feels like it (much like Anna she’s supposed to be somewhere at a particular time).

Yet despite those shortcomings, the first day of spring is my favorite day of the year. I don’t care much for the season itself (too unpredictable with too much rain), but its first day sure makes me happy. Why? You see, I’m not a fan of darkness, and I don’t mean the band here. Though the band I actually quite like.

The first day of spring is the glorious point when the night finally gets to be the same length as the day. And it will get even better when we switch the clocks at the end of the month. I don’t even mind that we will lose an hour – anything that shortens the night and increases the hours of daylight is fine by me. And I’m sure that all SAD sufferers feel exactly the same way.

But the first day of spring is also an occasion to celebrate the fact that winter is finally over (at least in theory). Back in the olden days, the Slavs did it in all sorts of pagan ways. Some of those pagan ways survive in modified versions even now, like topienie Marzanny (the drowning of Marzanna, Marzanna is in genitive in the Polish phrase) for example. Though ask anyone about the significance of this custom, and they are likely to say: “dunno, this is something we used to do in school.”

Though it sounds like a human sacrifice (actually, I wanted to check if it USED to be one originally, but it doesn’t seem so, those pagan Slavs were pretty tame when compared to other ancient cultures), in reality, it involved the drowning of a straw representation of the goddess Marzanna. Marzanna symbolizes winter (researchers can’t agree on whether she was the goddess of death and rebirth, or something else entirely) and as such needed to be banished at the right time. The right time was of course the day when the sun told ancient Slavs “well, hello down there, I’m baaaack.”

And because these people really respected nature, they would make a straw doll and chuck it down the nearest river, as a sort of “goodbye winter, welcome spring” pagan rite. From what I read, there were other seasonal re-birth customs involved in this ritual, but since this is a PG blog, I will leave those to your imagination.

Topienie Marzanny is still done today. And because it involves a field trip, it’s a favorite school activity for kindergarteners or elementary school kids. First, you get to make a large doll on a stick, dress it up, paint its face, and then you get to drown it in a river. Whoa! What seven year old wouldn’t like it?

Though traditionally made out of straw, these days Marzannas (plural in Polish would be: Marzanny, same as singular genitive) can be constructed of other bio-degradable materials - papier-mâché seems to be popular. However, as one of my teacher friends said, some ambitious souls actually provide straw for their students.

That’s an activity for the young ones. Older students prefer to dress up in silly outfits and skip school. I normally practiced just the skipping school part.

  • topić (imperfective, perfective: utopić) – to drown voice file
  • pory roku (plural, singular: pora roku) – seasons voice file
  • wiosna (fem., plural: wiosny) – spring voice file - four seasons
  • lato (neuter, plural: lata) – summer
  • jesień (fem., plural: jesienie) – autumn
  • zima (fem., plural: zimy) - winter
 

The Question of Prussia

Posted by Anna Ikeda

A few weeks ago one of the readers made a comment about Prussia. A family member of hers claimed to have Prussian ancestry, not Polish. Personally, I find this statement a bit odd, but that’s just me, OK?

Prussia, Prusy in Polish (a.k.a. Germany, or one of its many incarnations) was a neighbor of Poland for many, many centuries. Eventually, on August 5, 1772, it added a big chunk of Poland to its own territory.

Remember the Partitions (rozbiory)? Well, that’s when it happened. Russia and Austria got a nice piece each, too.

You see, Prussia was very oddly shaped – there was East Prussia and West Prussia. And between them was a bit of Poland. Of course they didn’t like it, and as soon as they got a chance, they took care of that issue – by adding the Polish territory to their own.


click on the map to make it bigger

Here, on the map you can see how Poland disappeared. The white area bordered by all the blue and the see – that’s East Prussia. The darker blue area to the left of that – that used to be Poland. The slightly less dark blue area under the dark blue area used to be Poland, too. That chunk went to Prussia during the second partition.

So unless someone’s ancestors came from the white bit of East Prussia, or the white area to the left of the blue pieces – West Prussia, I’m not sure just how Prussian they could be otherwise.

If I remember correctly, I also have a bunch of relatives who claimed Prussian ancestry. They spoke German and had goofy German last names. And during communist times they all emigrated to West Germany.

It just goes to show you that Poles come in all different flavors.
Yet for some very odd reason it’s more common for certain Poles from the Prussian part of Poland (after the Partitions) to say they are of Prussian origin than for Poles from the Russian part to admit to Russian origin.

This post is in no way intended to stir controversy. It was simply to show you how Poland ceased to exist. Geographically, that is.

Image: Wikipedia

 

Mazurek Dąbrowskiego - Polish National Anthem

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Yesterday I had a very interesting, if a bit odd conversation with one of my friends. The friend in question is also very interesting, if a bit odd, and I suppose that goes a long way towards explaining her strange musical hobbies. Anyway, she walked up to me, hugged me and said: “I really love your national song!”
Anna’s response: “huh? Come again?”
Friend: “It’s so vibrant and…”
Anna: “You mean, the national anthem of Poland?”
Friend: “And it makes me want to be energetic and proud.”
Anna (mostly to herself): “Are we really having this conversation?”
Friend: “Of course not as proud as the Russian one, but that’s OK, because the Polish one is more… more…”
Anna: “More what?”
Friend: “Hopscotchy.”

And with that she disappeared into her office, humming under her nose what I think was supposed to be “Mazurek Dąbrowskiego.”

Until yesterday, I didn’t even know there were people out there who collected different versions of national anthems from various countries. And until yesterday, I didn’t even think that the Polish anthem was anything special. And not just any special – hopscotchy special.

Of course, she meant the upbeat melody of the lively mazurka that’s our national song. It really does make you want to get up and dance. And it’s because it was meant to be cheerful and uplifting. You see, when it was written back in 1797, two years after the Third Partition of Poland, people were gloomy and depressed. And the soldiers that were serving in the Polish Legions under General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski were even more depressed. So, they needed a happy song to boost their morale and cheer them up. And boy, did they need cheering up. The Polish Legions were part of the French Revolutionary Army, which was led by Napoleon Bonaparte in his conquest of Italy. You get the picture now, right?

So the happy song was needed to remind the soldiers that even though the country of Poland had ceased to exist, the idea of Poland had not. As you can imagine, it soon became a hugely popular patriotic song, and then when Poland did reappear on the map of Europe, the song was officially adopted as the national anthem in 1926.

The lyrics were written by a Polish poet Józef Wybicki. He wasn’t just any poet – he was also a general and a political figure. But you have to admit, the man had a way with words. The lyrics are quite simple, but oddly powerful. I just read the whole thing on the internet, because as most Poles, I only know the first verse by heart.

Don’t worry, I’m not going to sing it, other can do it much, much better. The English translation (based on translations of Davies and Kendall) is below.

Poland has not perished yet
So long as we still live
That which alien force has seized
We at sabrepoint shall retrieve

March, march, Dąbrowski
From Italy to Poland
Let us now rejoin the nation
Under thy command

Cross the Vistula and Warta
And Poles we shall be
We’ve been shown by Bonaparte
Ways to victory

March, march…

Like Czarniecki Poznań regains
Fighting with the Swede,
To free our fatherland from chains
We shall return by sea

March, march…

Father, in tears
Says to his Basia
Just listen, it seems that our people
Are beating the drums

March, march…

 

Westerplatte Film Controversy

Posted by Anna Ikeda

So, continuing on the subject of Westerplatte, I don’t know if you’ve heard about this new Polish movie “Tajemnica Westerplatte” (The Secret of Westerplatte). The movie is not even made yet, the script has barely been written, and it’s already a huge scandal in Poland. For those who don’t know, here’s a quick recap:
Paweł Chochlew is a relative newbie of a writer and director, he used to be an actor actually, and his first directing project was “Takie Życie” (That’s Life) in 2004 and, at least according to me, it was a total flop. The fact that it’s not even included in the International Movie Database seems to confirm my opinion.

Anyway, for his second directing project Mr. Chochlew decided to re-tell the story of Westerplatte. He also wrote the script and applied for funding from the government, which is normal for filmmakers in Poland. And it all went downhill from there.

Read More »

 

September 1st in Polish History

Posted by Anna Ikeda

Today is September 1st and if you ask any Polish kid about its significance, they will give you a blank stare as an answer. I’ve just tried it.
It was a bit different in my days. Now, I don’t know what they teach you about the starting date of WW2 (druga wojna światowa) in your countries, but in Poland it’s generally understood that the war started on September 1, 1939.

Unfortunately, when I was a high school student this sad anniversary was normally overshadowed by a more immediate, also sad event, which was the beginning of a school year. Which, incidentally, also took place on September 1st.

And this is what I remember from my high school history classes:
Something something Czechoslovakia, Hitler, something something… stuff happened, blah blah.
On September 1st, 1939 at 4:45AM the German battleship “Schleswig Holstein” started to shell the Polish garrison on Westerplatte. It was the beginning of Hitler’s invasion of Poland and the beginning of WW2.
Westerplatte, despite its very German-sounding name, was the location of a Polish Military Transit Depot (WST), sanctioned within the territory of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk). 180 Polish soldiers under the command of Major Henryk Sucharski defended their position for seven days against overwhelming odds. When they finally surrendered, Maj. Sucharski, as a sign of respect from the German dude in charge, was allowed to keep his officer’s sword while being taken prisoner.
Blah blah blah, France blah blah blah England… the Soviet Army… blah… more stuff happened. WW2 was gaining momentum.

I’m ashamed to admit that even though I lived quite nearby Gdańsk and Westerplatte, I never visited the site. These days it’s a touristy place with a museum and monuments, and that sort of thing.

One September 1st my high school organized a field trip to Westerplatte to participate in the memorial ceremonies, which were held there annually. And here, I’m again ashamed to admit that instead of going there like all good students should, together with a friend we decided to skip it. We went to a musical instrument store instead, where we played guitars and drums for most of the day. And then of course, we lied about it. What can I say? It was the 80s. We wanted to be rock stars.

photo: Wikipedia. Major Sucharski surrenders.