Dear Language Enthusiast,
Welcome to the Hebrew Monthly, the Internet newsletter from Transparent
Language. This issue marks the second in our three-part series looking back on some of the
most notable people, events, and accomplishments of the 20th century. This month’s article
focuses on some of the great civil leaders and humanitarians from Asia, the Middle East, and North
Africa. We hope you find it both informative and useful in your language study. In May, we will
conclude the series with a look at Latin American artists, writers, and filmmakers who helped
shape our view of the 20th century.
Note that the article is presented in transliterated Hebrew, followed by a translation in English.
Sincerely,
Transparent Language
www.transparent.com
Hadiyun shelanu osek bitkufa historit ktsara yakhasit, khameya ha-20. Lamrot zot nitan limtso
ba eyn-sfor anashim, shehama'amatsim shelahem lshaper et tnaey hakhayim bak'hilot
shelahem uvartsoteyhem r'uyim litsumet lev. Ma'amar se ba lishpokh or al heseygeyhem shel
khelek mekhashuvey hamanhigim meyasya, meyhamizrakh hatikhon umitsfon afrika. Manhigim
eyle tarmu truma raba lma'an shipur zkhuyot haezrakh uzkhuyot ha'adam gam bikneh mida klal
olami, v'al-ken zakhu lhakara beynl'umit.
Izaku sat kihen k'rosh memshelet yapan bashanim 1964-1972. Hu noda eykev p'iluto
hadiplomatit lma'an kinun yakhasey shalom beynl'umiyim hen beyn mdinot asya vhen beyn
mdinot shonot bkhol rakhavey haolam. Hitnagduto lshimush bneshek garini, hovila lakhatimat
haheskem lhagbalat meyrots hakhimush hagarini, vzikta oto bifras nobel lshalom bishnat 1974.
San yaksiyan haya manhig hamapeykha hasinit. Ma'amatsav hamdiniyim hitrakzu sviv hafikhat
hashilton hamlukhani shel shoshelet kiyank, hakamat shilton republikani takhteyha vhakamat
tashtit ta'asiyatit rakhava bsin. Hu kihen knasi arayi shel hareypublika hasinit bishnat 1911,
ukhemanhig sin bashanim 1923-1925. Rabim myakhasim lo et hatoar avi sin hamodernit.
Bastandzin ragyamtsu hukhtar btibet, bishnat 1940, ladalay-lama ha-14. Hu haya az ben
khamesh shanim. Bishnat 1959, l'akhar kishlon hahitkomeymut shel ha'an hatibeti neged
hashilton hasini btibet, hu barakh lhodu vhekim memshala gola bharey hahimalaya. Hu zakha
bifras nobel lshalom bishnat 1989 c'ot hokara al shitot hamkha'a hashketa shelo, neged
hashilton hasini btibet.
Bishnat 1991 ho'onak p'ras nobel lshalom l'ank sen sukey. Hi patkha bifulot mkha'a shketot
lma'an shipur zkhuyot ha'adam ulma'an kinun memshal demokrati bmeyynmar, burma lsheavar.
Biglal p'ulot eylu hi nidona lma'atsar bayit shenimshakh shesh shanim (1989-1995). Hi hayta
adayin bvidud ka'asher zakhta bifras nobel.
Golda meyir, hayta manhiga politit mmulakhat, msura limdinat yisrael vla'atsmaut hamdinit
shela. Hi kihana k'rosh memshelet yisrael bashanim 1969-1974 vzakhta lhakara olamit bshel
hama'amatsim shela lkhonem yakhasey shalom bamizrakh hatikhon bmeshekh hashanim
haeyle. Rak l'akhar mota, bishnat 1978, noda latsibur shehi nilkhama bsartan hadam bmeshekh
shteym esrey hashanim ha'akharonot lkhayeha.
Anuar el sadat, ktsin tsava mitsri, kihen kinse mitrayim bashanim 1970-1981. Hu pa'al yakhad
im rosh memshelet yisrael d'az, mnakhem beygin, l'ma'an kinun yakhasey shalom beyn shtey
hamdinot. P'ras nobel lshalom ho'onak lishne hamanhigim yakhad, bishnat 1978, k'ot hokara al
hamasa omatan beyneyhem. Bishnat 1979, nekhtam khoze shalom beyn shtei hamdinot.
Muhandes gandi, hayadua yoter bashem mahatama gandi, zakha lshem olam bshel shitat
hahitnagdut hapasivit ufulot hamkha'a habilti alimot shenakat neged hashilton habriti bhodu.
Ma'avako lma'an z'khuyot haezrakh hishpiya al haolam kulo, vnata tikva bleyv rabim, lrabot
albert ayinshtayin. Ayinshtayin kiva shekidum ra'ayon i ha'alimut al-ydey gandi yovil limniat
haheres vhakhurban hanoraim she'efshar lizroa al-ydey haptsatsa ha'atomit.
Kama meyhamanhigim halalu shel hahistorya hamodernit hayu, l'lo safeyk, yduim lkha kodem.
Mikol makom anakhnu mkavim sheneheneyta meyhakria odoteyhem. V'ulay afilu gilitakama
uvdot khadoshot.
In English:
Even if we confine our study to a brief span of years, there are countless individuals whose
efforts to improve conditions in their communities, countries, or on a global scale deserve
attention. This Newsletter pays tribute to the accomplishments of a few important
humanitarians and civil leaders from Asia, the Middle East and Northern Africa whose influence
was internationally recognized in the twentieth century.
Eisaku Sato served as prime minister of Japan from 1964-1972. He is widely recognized for his
diplomacy in building peaceful international relations both within Asia and with other parts of
the world. His rejection of nuclear arms, which led to the signing of the Treaty on the Non-
proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, earned him the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1974.
From China, Sun Yat-sen (Dr. Sun Yixian) was a revolutionary leader whose political agenda
focused on overthrowing the Qing dynasty in China to establish a republic. His aims included
large-scale industrialization in China. He served as provisional president of the Chinese
republic in 1911 and later led China from 1923-25. Many consider him to be the father of
modern China.
Bstan-'dzin-rgya-mtsho was enthroned as the fourteenth Dalai Lama in Tibet in 1940 when he
was only five years old. He fled to India in 1959 after the Tibetan people's unsuccessful revolt
against the Chinese government, and established a government in exile in the Himalayan
Mountains. The Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to him in 1989, in recognition of his
nonviolent methods of protest against Chinese rule in Tibet.
In 1991, the Nobel Committee awarded its Prize for Peace to Aung San Suu Kyi, a peaceful
protester for democracy and human rights in Myanmar, then called Burma. For those actions,
she was kept under house arrest for six years (1989-1995). She was still in isolation when she
received the Nobel Prize.
Golda Meir was an astute political leader devoted to Israel and its independence. She served as
prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974 and was recognized for her efforts to maintain peace
in the Middle East during those years. Only after her death in 1978 did the public discover that
she had been fighting leukemia for twelve years before her death.
Anwar el-Sadat, an Egyptian army officer, served as the president of Egypt from 1970 to 1981.
He worked with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin to establish peaceful ties between their
countries. Both leaders received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1978 for their negotiations. In
1979, peace was reached between the two countries.
Mohandas Gandhi of India (commonly called Mahatma Gandhi) is internationally respected for
his method of passive resistance and nonviolent protest against British rule in India. His civil
rights campaigns inspired and touched the world, and lent hope to many--even Albert Einstein,
who hoped that Ghandi's promotion of nonviolence could help prevent the violence made
possible by the atomic bomb.
Some of these figures of modern history may already be familiar to you. In any case, we hope
that you've enjoyed this look at a few great leaders and even discovered something new!
