Overview of the Ukrainian Language

Ukrainian is the official language of Ukraine (with the exception of the Crimea region, where the majority of the population is Russian) and is the first language of 77% of its 51 million people.
 
Ukrainian, along with Russian and Belorussian, belongs to the East Slavic group of the Slavic subfamily of Indo-European languages. Linguists believe that the Slavic languages have retained the features of the original Proto Indo-European language to a much greater extent than the Romance and the Germanic languages have. The spoken Slavic languages also show more similarity among themselves than do the Germanic or the Romance languages. However, some are written in the Cyrillic alphabet and some in the Latin alphabet. Ukrainian, Russian, and Belorussian are all written in the Cyrillic alphabet. These three major Eastern Slavic languages began to diverge around the 12th or 13th century, and all three languages are still mutually intelligible to some extent.
 
Ukrainian Vocabulary
 
One Ukrainian word that has become a part of the English language is borscht. Another cultural contribution of Ukraine is the beloved and well-known "Carol of the Bells," which is a traditional Ukrainian folk song.
 
As you learn the Ukrainian language, you will notice that some words that sound like English have a very different meaning in Ukrainian. For example, the Ukrainian word rid means generation or origin. The word is means from in Ukrainian. The Ukrainian word dim means smoke and the word on is an interjection meaning here!
 
Formal and Informal Address in the Ukrainian Language

There are two forms of address in Ukrainian: the polite second person plural vy and the familiar second person singular ty. It is considered rude to use the familiar form when first meeting someone, unless the person you are addressing happens to be a small child. Always use the polite form of address until you are invited to switch to the familiar. The invitation to do so is a sign that your friendship with the native speaker has reached a warmer, more intimate level.
 
Ukrainian Grammar

In Ukrainian, nouns (as well as adjectives, and most pronouns) decline in seven cases. Because Ukrainian is highly inflected, the word order in sentences is fluid. The declined endings of nouns identify the subject and the direct and indirect objects, among other things.
 
Ukrainian verbs possess a feature called "aspect." The aspect can be perfective (action that has been completed) or imperfective (ongoing action). A variety of prefixes that help create perfective verbs convey shades of meaning that frequently require several words to translate in English-- or defy translation altogether.
 
One of the most difficult aspects of Ukrainian to master is the correct placement of stress within words. The stress is mobile and does not follow strict rules. To help you learn this aspect of the Ukrainian language, all words of more than one syllable in length are presented with a stress mark in Transparent Language's multimedia software program, Languages of the World.
 
Because Ukrainian pronunciation is difficult to master, regular practice is necessary to achieve true success. That's why Ukrainian software programs can be so useful. The fun games, grammatical explanations, and native speaker recordings that accompany these programs will provide you with a valuable tool in your quest for knowledge of this beautiful language.