Usually in October, towards the beginning of the month, Korean and American flags are raised in honor of 국군의 날. 국군의 날 is Armed Forces Day. 국군의 날 is not a national holiday and people do not get the day off. Nonetheless it’s a day created to reflect upon the military sacrifices made when the South Korean forces reached the 38th parallel. To put it in an oversimplified way, the miltary forces of South Korea consists of the ROK Armed Forces (ROK = Republic of Korea) or 대한민국 국군 and KATUSA (Korean Augmentation to the US Army) or 카투사.
The history behind the 38th parallel is a source of national regret and sorrow. Before I introduce the history behind the 38th parallel, I’ll just briefly mention what it is. The 38th parallel is a latitudinal boundary set between North and South Korea. South of the 38th parallel lies South Korea and accordingly north of the parallel is North Korea. Sometimes the 38th parallel is referred to as the DMZ or the Demilitarized Zone (한반도 비무장지대).
The DMZ was created in 1953 as an armstice between North and South Korea. Before the armistice, North Korea had formed an alliance with the Soviet Union and South Korea had an alliance with the US. From 1950 to 1953 the two sides fought for territorial gains and political/ideological supremacy. Although the fighting ended with an armistice, there was never a peace treaty that followed afterward. Therefore, technically speaking North and South Korea are still engaged in a type of cold ‘war’. Both sides have agreed not to cross the DMZ, but there were periodic violations of this agreement.
There is a lot more to this story, but since we’re short on time, I’ll just say that it’s been estimated that around 36, 940 US troops were killed, with 245,000 - 415,000 South Korean troops killed and around 2,000,000 civilians who were also the casualities of the war. With these casualties in mind, let us not forget the sacrifices of these lives on 국군의 날.
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For those of you who don’t know Noh Mu Hyun (노무현), he was the underdog of politics. He did not have a sparkling pedigree like many of politicians in South Korea. In fact, he never attended university. His family could not afford it. He supported himself by working menial jobs and studying by night, to pass the bar exam. He eventually became a lawyer and gained public attention by questioning government officials about a possible corruption scheme. Ironically, these same allegatons of government corruption plagued the last days of his administration.
For those of you who may not be familar with the history behind the Korean War, it started when the North Korean army invaded South Korea in an attempt to unite the Koreas into one Korea. In South Korea, the Korean War is called the 육이오 전쟁 or the 6/25 War. It’s named 6/25 because it’s named after the date the War started. On June 25th 1950, the North Korean army attacked Seoul and killed around 7,000 people. The survivors were forced to fight in the North Korean army.
China also enlisted the help of Russia. China was able push back UN forces, causing the UN forces to retreat. Finally in 1953, the UN and North Korea agreed to a cease-fire. The legacy of the Korean War is a bitter one. Many nations including Turkey, South Africa and others that were part of the UN forces, lost their men. The aftermath of the war concluded with a U.S. military base in South Korea, guarding the border between North and South Korea.
The President of the United States lives in the White House. The President of Argentina lives in the Pink House. What color house does the South Korean president live in? You guessed it, it’s the Blue House, or what is aptly called Chungwade (청와대). The Chungwade (청와대) contains the press hall or chunchukwan (춘추관), where the President makes his speeches. It also contains the guesthouse, or the youngbingwan (영빈관).
Not only is the Chungwade (청와대) historically valuable, it’s also located in a geographically strategic spot. The Chungwade (청와대) is surrounded by mountains. The names of these mountains are: Bukhansan (북한산), namsan (남산), and naksan (낙산). These mountains provide a natural barrier for to protect against any invasions. (Although if you look at the history behind the Chungwade (청와대), it’s protection is not absolute.) In addition to the mountains there are two bodies of water called the Chunkechun (청계천) and the hankang (한강).