Posts from June 2009

January: ichigatsu (一月)(いちがつ

February: nigatsu (二月) (にがつ

March: sangatsu (三月) (さんがつ

April: shigatsu (四月) (しがつ

May: gogatsu (五月) (がつ

June: rokugatsu (六月) (ろくがつ

July: shichigatsu (七月) (しちがつ

August: hachigatsu (八月) (はちがつ

September: kugatsu (九月) (くがつ

October: juugatsu (十月) (じゅうがつ

November: juuichigatsu (十一月) (じゅういちがつ

December: juunigatsu (十二月) (じゅうにがつ

The months are pretty straightforward. All you have to do is place the number of the month with the counter “gatsu”. So for April it would be the word four or “shi” plus gatsu, which means month. The first parentheses contains the kanji and the second parentheses contains the hiragana.

There are particular labels used to describe Japanese people who have left Japan to migrate to another country.

Issei (一世) refers to people who were born in Japan, but have immigrated to another country. This term is especially used to refer to people in the U.S and Brazil. It’s also used to decribe the immigrants who came to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The issei (一世) in Brazil were mostly coffee plante laborers. Most of the laborers wanted to earn money and go right back to Japan after saving some money. For most people, this never happened. Low wages prevented people from saving enough money to even buy a ticket back home. The issei (一世) in the U.S. were sugar plant workers in Hawaii. Many had no permanent plans to stay in Hawaii, but ended up but having families and living in the U.S.; never to return to Japan.

The Nissei (二世) is a term used to describe a generation of people who were born to at least one issei (一世) parent and were born in a country other than Japan. The Nissei (二世) frequently suffer from identity crises. It’s usually refers to people who were born after WWI. When they were interned in U.S. and Canadian camps during WWII, many of the nissei (二世) were torn between their Japanese roots and their new found identity as Americans. A lot of the nissei (二世) knew how to speak Japanese and were taught by their issei (一世) parents to uphold Japanese values. However, the nissei (二世) were also taught English and American values in public schools. Many of them were torn as to where they should place their loyalty, especially after they were interned.

The Sansei (三世) is used to describe the generation of people who are born to at least one nissei (二世) parent. In many cases, the sansei (三世) were encouraged by their parents to obtain higher education. This also means that many of the sansei (三世) spoke fluent English and almost little or no Japanese. Unlike the issei (一世), the sansei (三世) typically view themselves as Americans, or Canadians with Japanese ancestry. Some have married outside of the Japanese community and have adopted Christianity as their religion. The sansei (三世) were the most vocal activists in lobbying for the U.S. government to apologize for the internment of Japanese citizens.

Nikkeijin (日系人) is a general term used to describe Japanese emigrants and their descendants. The nikkeijin (日系人) refers to the issei (一世), nissei (二世) and sansei (三世). In many cases, the Japanese government does not grant citizenships to people who are yonsei (四世) and up. If you can prove that you are a sansei (三世) or below, you may apply for citizenship. A similar term is dekasegi (出稼ぎ). Dekasegi (出稼ぎ) refers especially to Japanese Brazilians who have immigrated to Japan to find better jobs. There is considered discrimination against the dekasegi (出稼ぎ). They are not viewed as “Japanese” and are frequently considered as foreigners.

 

A sentoo (銭湯) is a public bathhouse. Even though people have bathtubs at home, a sentoo (銭湯) is a bit different from your ordinary bathtub.

A sentoo (銭湯) will have separate sections for each gender. Male children up to ten years of age can go with their mothers. Other than that, the gender division is strictly enforced. That means no peeking! If you’re caught peeking in the opposite sex’s changing room, you’re definitely going to take a trip to the police station, so mind your sentoo manners! The men’s area will have a bluish door with the word otoko () on it. The women’s side is red with the word for onna () on it. Otoko = man. Onna = woman.

Every sentoo (銭湯) has a locker room where you store your clothes and other belongings. Before you enter the locker room you have to pay an entrance fee. Each sentoo (銭湯) has their own rates. Some charge for the number of hours you plan to stay, while others charge a flat fee no matter how long or short you stay. Once you’ve paid, you’ll be given a key with your locker number on it. In some places, you can store your belongings in any random lockers, except for the ones that are reserved for regular customers.

You are not permitted to wear any clothing once you enter the public bathing area. The only thing you can bring is a small bucket with soap, shampoo, back scrubber, small towel and maybe some sandals. They sell these things at the sentoo (銭湯), but they’re on the pricy side. They bathing area also contains small stools that you can sit on. These stools have been used, so I personally place a towel on the stool, just in case.

The floor of the bathing area is covered with tiles, which can cause your barefoot to get very hot. The bathhouse that I go to regularly, allows people to bring clog-like sandals, so I bring sandals. The sandals allow me to walk around with ease without stinging my feet. However, check with the person at the front desk to make sure you can do this. Not all places allow footwear in the bathing area.

The waters of the sentoo (銭湯) are steaming hot. You can cool off in another room with a bathtub full of cold water. The catch is that you have to pay an extra fee. There’s a person watching at the entrance to this room, so you probably won’t be able to sneak past without paying. Besides, you need to show your wristband, which proves that you’ve paid the extra fee. One way to cool down without having to pay such a big fee is to buy cold drinks at the vending machines.

So why go to a sentoo when you have a bathtub at home? It’s just relaxing. The water never gets cold and you can sit in the water for hours just resting. Too bad I don’t own a sentoo. If I did, I’d go there practically every day.

Alright, so this time around we’re going to look at the Japanese onomatopoeia that are called gitaigo (擬態語). Unlike giseigo (擬声語), which is what I discussed last post, gitaigo (擬態語) is the type of onomatopoeia that describes psychological conditions and physical states.

ドキドキ : doki doki (describes nervousness)

ピリピリ : piri piri (describes someone who is on edge or feeling testy)

ムカムカ : muka muka (describes the feeling of disgust, or wanting to vomit)

ワクワク : waku waku (describes the feeling of being excited)

フラフラ : fura fura (describes the feeling of light-headedness or dizziness)

ベタベタ : beta beta (describes the feeling of stickiness, like a hot, humid day)

ピンピン : pin pin (describes the feeling of being lively or animated)

メロメロ : mero mero (describes the feeling of being upset or distressed)

フワフワ : fuwa fuwa (describes the feeling of being light, fluffy or airy)

イライラ : ira ira (describes the feeling of being impatient)

ヌクヌク : nuku nuku (describes the feeling of being warm, snug or comfortable)

ソワソワ : sowa sowa (describes the feeling of being restless or fidgety)

ヒリヒリ : hiri hiri (describes the feeling of something fluttering)

ハキハキ : haki haki (describes the feeling of quickness or briskness)

 

There are different types of Japanese onomatopoeia. Today we’re going to just focus on one of the onomatopoeia. I’ll do another post on the others later. Today’s onomatopoeia is giseigo (擬声語). Giseigo (擬声語) is the type of onomatopoeia that mimics actual sounds. You’ll actually see what I mean with the examples below. You can see a lot of onomatopoeia in Japanese manga (まんが) or comics. The words are sometimes written with the katakana (かたかな) for emphasis.

nyaa nyaa: (ニャーニャー) meow meow (the sound cats make)

goro goro: (ゴロゴロ) purr purr (the sound cats make)

wan wan: (ワンワン) woof woof (the sound a dog makes)

moo moo: (モーモー) muu muu (the sound that cows make)

mee mee: (メーメー) baa baa (the sound sheeps make)

hihiin: (ヒヒーン) neigh neigh (the sound horses make)

chuu chuu: (チューチュー) chirp chirp (the sound a bird makes)

kin kon (キンコン) ding dong (the sound of a door bell)

kushu (クシュ) achoo (the sound of a sneeze)

tsuu (ツー) buzzz (sound of insects, bees)

kero kero (ケロケロ) ribit ribit (sound of frogs croaking)

buu buu (ブーブー) oink oink (the sound of pigs)

kokekokkoo (コケコッコー) cockadoodle doo (sound of rooster)

Onomatopoeias differ by language and culture. I encourage you to post the onomatopoeias in your own language, using the katakana in the comment section.

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