Posts from September 2009

Earlier this summer I wrote that this year was a good year for insects, I was thinking, of course, about the beneficial effects that insect have on the environment. However, as my husband discovered when he was bitten by a couple of zecche (ticks), a good year for insects isn’t necessarily a good one for humans, especially when the insects in question are calabroni (hornets) and they decide to take up residence in your house! If you’ve never encountered a calabrone count yourself lucky. Imagine a wasp, three to four times its normal size, with a potent sting to match its bulk, now imagine a nest of these rather aggressive and territorial creatures deciding that they like the look of your house, perhaps they’ll move in, make themselves at home. Obviously you’d think twice about letting them stay, in fact you’d want to get rid of them pretty quickly. But wait, there are intelligent ways to deal with the problem and there are other less ‘conventional’ methods that are perhaps best avoided, as can be illustrated by the following article which I read a couple of days ago in a national newspaper:

 

Bomba anti-calabrone: distrugge casa

Un pregiudicato 41enne di Velletri utilizzando della polvere da sparo prelevata da copioso materiale pirotecnico, ha realizzato in modo artigianale un ordigno esplosivo per distruggere un nido di calabroni che si trovava in una fessura perimetrale della palazzina di casa. La bomba esplosa verso le 20 di giovedì ha distrutto un’intera parete che divideva due abitazioni diverse, provocando gravi danni strutturali e danneggiando anche alcune auto in sosta nelle vicinanze.

ARRESTATO – I Carabinieri della Stazione di Artena, che si trovavano già in via Velletri dove è avvenuta l’esplosione, per terminare i rilievi di un incidente stradale nel quale aveva perso la vita un motociclista di Valmontone, hanno sentito l’esplosione e fermato l’uomo che sarà giudicato per direttissima dal Giudice di Velletri

 

Anti-Hornet bomb: destroys house

A 41 year old ‘previous offender’ from Velletri, using gunpowder taken from large quantities of pyrotechnic material, created a home made explosive device in order to destroy a hornets nest located in a crack in the outside wall of his apartment. The bomb, which exploded at around 8 p.m. on Thursday, destroyed an entire wall which divided two different dwellings, causing serious structural damage, and even damaging some cars parked nearby.

ARRESTED – The Carabinieri (military police) from Artena station, who were already in Via Velletri where the explosion took place, concluding the investigation of a road accident in which a motorcyclist from Valmontone lost his life, heard the explosion and arrested the man, who will be tried immediately by the Judge in Velletri.

 

So the moral of this tale? Never detonate your home made bombs when the Carabinieri are within hearing distance!

Melanzane, melanzane e ancora melanzane! (Eggplants, eggplants and more eggplants! or aubergines as they are called in the U.K.) This long hot summer the melanzane on our orto (vegetable garden) have been very prolific, and I’m trying to find different ways to cook them. This old traditional recipe is definitely our favorite: la parmigiana di melanzane!

 

Ingredienti

Quattro melanzane medie (4 medium size eggplants / aubergines)

Sei tazze di salsa di pomodoro (6 cups of tomato sauce)

Una manciata di basilico (a handful of basil)

Due tazze di Parmigiano grattugiato (2 cups of grated parmesan cheese)

Due mozzarelle (2 mozzarella cheeses)

Olio per friggere (oil for frying)

Sale (salt)

 

Preparazione

Slice the eggplants about 1 cm thick, spread them out on a tray in a single layer, and sprinkle them with salt to remove any bitterness. Leave them for about 1 hour, then rinse them and dry them thoroughly. In a big frying pan heat plenty of oil, fry the eggplants until they have a dark, golden color on both sides, then put them on some kitchen paper to remove the excess oil. In the meantime chop the mozzarella into small cubes, and rinse, dry and chop the basil. In a large baking dish (a Lasagna dish for example), pour a few tablespoons of tomato sauce, enough to cover the bottom. Make a layer of the fried eggplant slices, cover them with some more tomato sauce, plenty of chopped mozzarella, some basil, and 2 tablespoons of Parmigiano cheese. Repeat the layers making sure to finish off with plenty of Parmigiano to give it a nice golden crust when baked. Put the dish in a hot oven, 200 degrees C, or 400 degrees F, Gas Mark 6, for about 40 minutes.

You can also make this recipe with zucchini / courgettes, in which case it is called parmigiana di zucchini, and with carciofi (globe artichokes) which is called parmigiana di carciofi

Buon Appetito!

In part 1 of this article I introduced the forme toniche (stressed forms) of the indirect personal pronouns; in this second part we’re going to have a look at the forme atone or ‘unstressed forms’, which are less emphatic than the forme toniche. In more technical terms, the forme atone have the grammatical function of the complemento di termine or dative. Here is the complete list: 

mi (to me)

ti (to you, singular, informal)

gli (to him)

le (to her / to you, singular, formal)

ci (to us)

vi (to you, plural)

gli / loro (to them); in spoken Italian the form gli is now commonly used also for the plural, instead of the more correct loro.

 

Forme atone are more commonly used in everyday language than forme toniche preceded by the preposition a. Here are two examples that illustrate the difference between the two forms: 

Forme atone: gli ho dato il libro (I gave him the book). Forme toniche: ho dato il libro a lui (I gave the book to him).

Forme atone: Gianni: Ti assicuro che è tutto vero! Luca: Va bene, ti credo (Gianni: I assure you that is all true! Luca: OK, I believe you). Forme toniche: Gianni: A chi credi, a me o a Bruno? Luca: Va bene, credo a te (Gianni: Who do you believe, me or Bruno? Luca: OK, I believe to you).

Because of its dative value, la forma atona is normally used with the verb piacere, e.g. mi piace il mare (I like the sea); le piace la montagna (she likes the mountain). However, if you need to emphasize the pronouns, you should use the forme toniche, for example: a me piace il mare, ma a lei piace la montagna (I like the sea, but she likes the mountain).

 

Because of their lack of stress, le forme atone normally come immediately before the verb, but in the following cases they are joined onto the end of the verb:

after an infinitive: siamo venuti per parlarvi (We have come to talk to you)

after a gerundive: non voglio offendere Giorgio dicendogli questo (I don’t want to offend Giorgio by telling him this)

after the imperative: non ditele nulla (do not tell her anything); parlami! (talk to me!).

 

The forme atone cannot be used in the following situations:

With the prepositions di, da, in, con, su, per, tra / fra

In comparisons after come (like/as) or quanto (as much as), e.g. A Gianna piace il gelato al cioccolato come a me (Gianna likes chocolate ice cream like me)

After the conjunctions anche (also, too), neanche (not even, neither), pure (even), and neppure / nemmeno (not even), e.g. Mario: mi piace il mare. Luca: Anche a me (Mario: I like the sea. Luca: me too), Mario: Non mi ha dato il libro Luca: Neanche a me (Mario: He didn’t give me the book. Luca: He didn’t give it to me either).

The topic of pronomi personali indiretti (indirect personal pronouns) is a fairly large one, so I am splitting it into two separate blogs, each dealing with one of the two forms which you will encounter. At the end of part two I will explain how to work out when to use each form.  

Il pronome personale indiretto is used when the personal pronoun is not doing the action, i.e. it is not the grammatical subject of the sentence, but is the indirect receiver of the action. As an indirect receiver, the pronoun is preceded by one of the following prepositions: a, di, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra (‘tra’ and ‘fra’ are two alternative spellings of the same preposition). As I have mentioned above, there are two different forms of pronome personale indiretto: forme toniche, which has a wider usage, and  forme atone, and in this article I will be concentrating on the former.

Forme toniche (lit: accented forms) often come after the verb, and are stressed, helping to give them more emphasis in the sentence. Here is a list of the forme toniche preceded by a (to) which is the most commonly used preposition:

a me (to me);

a te (to you, singular, informal);

a lui (to him);

a lei (to her / to you, singular, formal);

a noi (to us);

a voi (to you, plural);

a loro (to them).

Now let’s have a look at a few examples of how we use them: Giovanna, vieni con me al mercato? (Giovanna, are you coming to the market with me?); ho comprato questo regalo per voi (I bought this present for you); ho dato il libro a loro (I gave the book to them); il direttore ha fiducia in te (the manager has confidence in you); Maria: Giorgio, hai visto i nonni recentemente? Giorgio: No, vado da loro oggi pomeriggio (Maria: Giorgio, have you seen our grandparents recently? Giorgio: No, I’m going to them [to see them] this afternoon).

Finally, ‘le forme toniche’ are used without any preposition in idiomatic exclamations such as Beato te! (lucky you!); povero me! (poor me!); contento lui, contenti tutti! (If he is happy, everybody is happy!).

Browsing through a magazine a few days ago I came across an article about a recent survey which set out to discover the best known Italian words throughout the 27 countries of the Unione Europea. Although the article itself was rather trivial it did remind me of something quite important: the existence of La Società Dante Alighieri, the organization which undertook the survey.

The Dante Alighieri Society was created in 1898 by a group of intellectuals under the guidance of the Italian poet Giosuè Carducci. According to their constitution the main purpose of the society is to: tutelare e diffondere la lingua e la cultura italiana nel mondo, tenendo ovunque alto il sentimento di italianità, ravvivando i legami spirituali dei connazionali all’estero con la madre patria e alimentando tra gli stranieri l’amore e il culto per la civiltà italiana’ (‘protect and spread Italian language and culture throughout the world, universally upholding the feeling of ‘being Italian’, reviving the spiritual ties between our fellow countrymen abroad and the motherland, and promoting amongst foreigners a love and admiration of the Italian civilization’).

The founders named the association after Dante Alighieri because it was in his works of literature that the Italian language first took shape, eventually giving form to the official language chosen six centuries later when Italy came into being as a unified nation.

Although the activities of the association take place both in Italy and all’estero (abroad) it is for its work in the latter area that the Società Dante Alighieri is best known. In fact one of the first important actions which they undertook was the development of Italian language courses for Italian emigrants who had moved abroad to find work.

If you would like to discover more about the Società Dante Alighieri here is a link to their website: Società Dante Alighieri

 

Parla come Mangi (Speak like you eat)

As for the survey, well the question posed by the society on their website was: Quali sono fra queste 100, le dieci parole Italiane entrate nella vostra lingua che considerate più importanti storicamente e culturalmente? (Which, out of these 100 Italian words absorbed into your language, do you consider to be the most important from a historical and cultural point of view?)

Here are the top 10 words chosen by roughly 10,000 voters:

Pizza

Cappuccino

Spaghetti

Espresso

Mozzarella

Tiramisù

Bravo

Allegro

Lasagne

Risotto

The results are fairly predictable but perhaps a little depressing when you consider what is missing from the top 10 words in the list, e.g. pianoforte, opera, influenza, terracotta, virtuoso, malaria ………all of which seem to me very common cultural and historical words. How come for example that mozzarella is at number 5 in the list and influenza is only at number 56? Well I can only assume that the rest of Europe is just as obsessed with their stomachs as is the average Italian!

Which Italian words would you have put at the top of your list? Please feel free to post a comment.

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