Posts in December 2008

Terremoto – Earthquake

Posted by Serena

Terremoto: from the Latin Terrae-earth and Motus-movement or shaking.

 

In the late afternoon of 23rd December 2008 a deep rumbling vibration heralded the arrival of the latest terremoto to hit the Italian peninsula. The epicenter of the earthquake, measuring 5.1 on the Richter Scale, took place about 40-50 km from us at a depth of 26 kilometers underground in the region between Parma and Reggio Emilia. The fact that the epicenter was so deep meant that the shock waves were felt over a wide area. My neighbor’s mother, who is 83 and completely deaf, was sitting by the stove knitting. When the quake struck she put down her work looked up and exclaimed “Terremoto!”.

“Grande paura, gente in strada” (A big scare, folk out in the street) said the papers the following morning. Being the final run up to Christmas the shops in Parma were packed and there was, naturally, quite a bit of a panic when everything began to shake. Fortunately no one was injured and no serious damage was done.

There is, however, something extremely unsettling about an event like this because the realization dawns that terra ferma (stable ground) is not as stable as you would like to think. It also reminds us that Italia, being on the edge of the African continental plate, is a zona sismica (earthquake zone) and that the worst earthquake to take place in Europe happened a hundred years ago at 5.21 a.m. on the 28th December 1908 in the Stretto di Messina (Straits of Messina). The Terremoto di Messina measured 7.2 on the Richter scale and lasted between 30 and 40 seconds almost completely destroying Messina, located in Sicily, and Reggio Calabria on the Italian mainland. The terremoto was followed by a maremoto (Tsunami), which swept 13m high waves against the coast causing further devastation. It is estimated that about 90% of the buildings in Messina were rasi al suolo (razed to the ground). This was partly due to the construction of the buildings themselves which, unlike those built more recently, were not made to withstand seismic shocks, and had heavy roofs, which tended to collapse comparatively easily. This, together with the magnitude of the quake and the fact that it took place in the early hours of the morning when most people were still in bed, accounts for the horrifying loss of life, an estimated 100,000 people.

The above is a photo of Messina after the earthquake

For a list of the main Italian earth quakes from 62 A.D. to the present day have a look at this link: Lista di Terremoto in Italia

To get an idea of how frequently earthquakes take place in Italy (two so far today, three yesterday!) and view maps of quake locations try this site: www.earthquake.it

 

I hope I haven’t put you off a tranquil visit to Italy!

 

Natale by Giuseppe Ungaretti

Posted by Serena

Natale (Christmas) is upon us with all its frenetic rhythms: shopping, cards, presents, parties, expectations of happiness, peace and goodwill. But in my mind there are a few whispered words: it’s a poem, written by Giuseppe Ungaretti during the First World War, that we used to study at Christmas time when I was at school.

Giuseppe Ungaretti, one of my favorite Italian poets, was born in Egypt in 1888 of Italian parents. In 1912 he went to Paris to study at the Sorbonne, and whilst in Paris he met many avant-guard artists, from Picasso to Braque, from Modigliani to De Chirico, as well as the poet Apollinaire. In 1915 he moved to Italy, where he published his first volume of verse. When Italy entered the Great War he enlisted as a volunteer.

Unagaretti’s life, and therefore his poetic work, is marked by two tragedies: the experience of the First World War, and the death of his nine-year-old son in 1939.

I love Ungaretti’s poems because of the very powerful images and emotions which they suggest, through often very short verses and an apparently simple language. But Ungaretti is a master of condensing language so that each word becomes essential, fully charged with symbolic meaning, and balanced against silence, represented by the white spaces on the page, as in this particular poem, which expresses the need to withdraw into a warm, cozy place, both physical and spiritual.

 

Natale

 

Non ho voglia

di tuffarmi

in un gomitolo

di strade

 

Ho tanta

stanchezza

sulle spalle

 

Lasciatemi così

come una

cosa

posata

in un

angolo

e dimenticata

 

Qui

non si sente

altro

che il caldo buono

 

Sto

con le quattro

capriole

di fumo

del focolare

 

Christmas

 

I don’t have the will / to dive / into a tangle / of streets

I have so much / weariness / on my shoulders

Leave me / like a / thing / placed / in a / corner / and forgotten

Here / one feels nothing / other / than the good warmth

I’ll stay / with the four / somersaults / of smoke / from the hearth.

 

Vi auguro un Natale pieno di pace e amore

I wish you a Christmas full of Peace and Love

 

 

La Ricetta del Panettone - The Panettone Recipe

Posted by Serena

As promised here is the recipe used by Toni to enchant his beloved Lucia.

This recipe is for a panettone casereccio (home-made panettone). Normally people don’t make Panettone at home but buy it from the fornaio (bakers) or an alimentari (food shop). This recipe is not suitable for microwaves and you’ll need a fairly big traditional oven. Serves 10-12.

Ingredienti

650 grammi farina 00 (23oz plain flour)

200 grammi burro fuso (7 oz unsalted butter, melted)

150 grammi zucchero fino (5 oz caster sugar)

15 grammi di sale (1/2 oz salt)

2 uova (2 eggs)

200 grammi uva passa (7 oz raisins)

100 grammi canditi tritati finemente (4 oz candied peel finely chopped)

50 grammi lievito di birra (2 oz yeast)

scorza gratuggiata di 1 limone (grated rind of 1 lemon)

1 decilitro circa di acqua tiepida (about 100 ml lukewarm water)

 

Lavorazione – Method

Dissolve the yeast in the water. Separate the eggs. Sift the flour in a big bowl, make a well in the center and add the yeast liquid. Mix by hand gradually adding the egg yolks, the sugar and the salt until the dough is fairly firm. Add the melted butter, mixing it well, then incorporate the lemon rind, raisins and candied peel. Turn out onto a floured surface and knead for 5-8 minutes, until smooth and elastic. Place in a greased bowl, cover with a damp cloth and leave in a warm place to rise.

After about 1 hour turn the dough out onto a floured surface and knead again for 2 minutes, then shape it into a tall oval loaf in order to get the classic panettone shape. Place the dough in a tall, greased cake tin lined with grease proof paper. Leave it to rise until it has doubled in size (5-6 hours).

Cut the top to make a cross shape and brush with the egg white slightly beaten. Bake in a moderately hot oven, 200°C, Gas Mark 6, 400°F, for 1 hour and 30 minutes or longer, until well cooked and of a rich dark color.

Serve the panettone with Spumante.

 

Buon Appetito!

 

La Leggenda del Panettone – The Legend of Panettone

Posted by Serena

Anyone who has spent Natale (Christmas) or Il Capodanno (The New Year) in Italy will have been offered the traditional Panettone. Yes it’s one of those indispensable elements of the ‘Festive Seasons’ that contradicts the old adage ‘you can never have too much of a good thing’. I assure you that you can have too much of a good thing, and when you pop round to see friends and family during the Christmas/New year period, taking with you one of the ‘spare’ Panettone given to you by one of your neighbours, only to be offered yet another hunk of this very peculiar species of Italian cake you will know exactly what I mean!

For those of you as yet unacquainted with the subject of this blog a brief description is necessary: Panettone is, depending on how you look at it (or taste it), either a bread-like cake, or a cake-like bread. Hmmm let’s start again, o.k. Imagine a sort of sweetish yellowish fluffyish bread, laced with candied fruit usually packaged in a kind of domed rectangular box with, funnily enough, Panettone written on the side…eccolo qua! (that’s it!).

But from whence exactly did it originate, this fluffyish bready cakey thingy?

 

La Leggenda del Panettone

Once upon a time there was a baker by the name of Toni who fell madly in love with a ragazza contadina (peasant girl) called Lucia. Well, this Lucia went every morning to sell eggs in the village and, every morning, Toni the baker eagerly and nervously awaited her arrival. But such was the strength of the feelings that Toni had for this fanciulla di campagna (country lass) that whenever he saw her he was struck dumb and hence never spoke a single word to her. Oh how many furtive glances of love, how many sighs and how many broken eggs all because the poor devil was unable to express his love. Finally a brilliant idea came to Toni: he would prepare for his beloved Lucia a wonderful dolce (sweet), not any old sweet but rather a special sweet the likes of which had never been baked before.

Toni set about creating a sweet based on a soft fragrant pasta (dough) enriched with eggs butter and candied fruit. But the poor lad was in such an emotional state due to his intense passion for Lucia that without noticing it he accidentally added a huge quantity of lievito (yeast) to his mixture. The result? Un pane dolce ma alto alto alto (a very very tall sweet bread).

Toni, realising his mistake too late, didn’t have time to begin all over again and shyly presented his gift to Lucia feeling slightly ashamed of his poor work.

However when Lucia saw the strange creation a miracle happened! Enchanted by this new sweet with its alluring odour she eagerly took a bite and found it to have an exquisite flavour. In the heat of the moment Toni finally found the courage to speak and wasted no time in asking Lucia to be his wife.

The couple lived together happily and, due to the great popularity of the new Pan de Toni or Panettone as it became known, became quite rich.

 

If you are feeling adventurous and would like to try a ‘home made’ version of Panettone stay tuned for the next blog in which I will reveal the secrets of Toni’s legendary recipe.

 

 

 

Da or Per?

Posted by Serena

Yesterday, while teaching English to a private student here in Italy, I came across an interesting example in my English grammar book; it said: “John and Ann have been married for 20 years”. My student translated this sentence into Italian word by word as: “John e Ann sono stati sposati per 20 anni”. This is a wonderful example of the difference in use of the past tense in English and Italian. The literal translation made by my student means that John and Ann were married for 20 years, but are not married anymore. How confusing!

In Italian, when we want to express an action that started in the past and is still going on now in the present, we use the simple present tense: John e Ann sono sposati da 20 anni, which translates literally as: John and Ann are married since 20 years, but in reality means that they have been married for 20 years.

The passato prossimo (present perfect) is used to express an action that is finished, e.g. Mauro e Giulia sono stati fidanzati per 3 anni, which translate word by word as “Mauro and Julia have been engaged for 3 years”, but with the English meaning of “they were engaged for 3 years”. Adesso Mauro e Giulia sono sposati da 5 anni literally translates as “now Mauro and Julia are married since 5 years”, but it means that “they have been married for 5 years”.

The other important thing to notice are the prepositions used to express the period of time: per and da. Per, which is normally translated as for, is used to express a period of time that is now concluded: Mauro and Giulia sono stati fidanzati per 3 anni.

Da, meaning literally since or from, is used to express a period of time that includes the present, in other words it still continues: Mauro e Giulia sono sposati da 5 anni. However you need to be careful if da is followed by a or al. In this case da or dal and a or al are equivalent to the English from and to, e.g. Mauro e Giulia sono stati fidanzati dal 2000 al 2003. “Mauro and Julia were engaged from 2000 to 2003”.

Are you getting a headache? Well, I still get confused sometimes in English, even though I have been speaking it for many years, parlo inglese da molti anni (literally, I speak English since many years), yet another example of this confusing difference!

I remember when I was first in England somebody asked me: “How long have you been in England?” My first thought was: “Why is he asking me a question in the past tense if I’m here, now?” because “have you been” implied to me as an Italian that I had been in England but I wasn’t there anymore, even though I was standing in front of him. Luckily my aunt, who has lived in England for almost 50 years, came to my rescue and answered for me.

 

Buona fortuna!