Posts tagged with "danger"

More Irish Pronunciation Notes: Broad and Slender “B” Sounds

Posted by róislín 4 Comments
Aug 17 2010

Getting back to the pronunciation series that was started a few blogs ago, there are a few more points I’d like to add.  As I said before, what I’m doing here is primarily explaining the transcription system that I use, not attempting to account for every possible sound or variation of a sound in Irish or every possible way of transcribing it. 

As I’ve also said before, I realize that the most precise system is the International Phonetic Alphabet, but even that presents the dilemma of whether to use the original IPA or the Irish-modified version.  And for most learners, at least the students I’ve had over the years, a rough guide based on English is much more graspable. 

The problem, of course, with using the sounds of English as a guide is that English is full of multiple ways to spell the same sound.  Here’s a set of examples I recently culled from the Internet to explain the pronunciation of “Caique,” as in the Caique parrot: kigh-eek, kah-eek, kai-eek, kai-EEK, ky-eek and kye-eek (the latter two used interchangeably in the same website).  To complicate matters, those are just for one approach; some people apparently just pronounce the word like “cake.”  But the main point is that in the relatively specialized world of Caique parrot aficionados, six transcription systems have been used. I’ve been trying to keep mine, for Irish, consistent. 

At any rate, from time to time I explain the system I’m using, but if I did that every time it would take up at least half the blog, so I hope people can refer back to the other pronunciation blogs if there’s a question. 

And finally, getting to the sounds I wanted to discuss in today’s blog – the broad and slender “b.”  While there are basically two sounds involved here, one could see them as four sounds: there’s a regular broad “b” in words like “bata” (stick), “bog” (soft), and “bus” (bus), as discussed previously.  But in front of certain vowel combinations, the broad “b” becomes, well, broader.  This is especially typical with the vowel clusters “ao,” “aoi,” and “uí,” as in the following: 

buí [bwee], yellow

baoi [bwee], a buoy

baoth [bwee], foolish, vain; the silent “th” at the end of the word you might recognize as par for the course by now

Likewise, baol (danger), baoite (bait), baothghalánta (snobbish), buíoch (thankful), buíochas (thanks), and buíon (band, troop). 

For these sounds, I’m simply using the “w” after the “b” in the transcription to get the effect.  I can’t say I can think of any English words that start with this sound, except maybe borrowed words such as the Swahili “bwana” and French “bois” as in “faux bois garden furniture.”  And that actual French “bois” doesn’t include W. E. B. Du Bois or Boise, Idaho, at least not in their usual American pronunciations. 

Why troscán gairdín needs to be described as “faux bois” at all is an issue I’ll leave to the margóiri.   Or maybe the maisitheoirí intí.   

And now for the slender “b” (appearing adjacent to the vowels “e” and “i”).  In a previous blog, I discussed the slender Irish “b” as in biúró [ByOO-roh], bureau, and b’fhiú é … [byoo ay, “fh” is silent], it would be worth (it).  As I mentioned in that blog, I mark these “b” sounds with the superscript “y.”  I’d describe these slender “b” sounds as quite slender.  It resembles the “b” in English “beauty” (as opposed to “booty,” which we’ve been through before). 

Other examples that I’d say have a particularly slender “b” are:

beo [byoh], alive

beoir [byohrzh], beer

But there’s also a “slender b” that’s not quite as articulated, and that appears in words like:

bean [ban] woman

beirt [bertch] two people

beiriú [BERZH-yoo] to boil, boiling

béirín [BAYRzh-een], little bear

biongó [BING-goh], bingo

There’s still a subtle distinction here, in comparison to the broad “b” but it’s not as salient, so I don’t transcribe it in the phonetic guide. 

Much of this seeming variation between the broad and slender sounds really has to do with the specific vowels that come after the consonant involved, rather than representing a different consonant pronunciation.  But the effect is create some variety in the best way to transcribe the sounds. 

The good news about these subtle distinctions is that they’ll be repeated with the letters f, m, and p (na consain dhéliopacha eile).  Please stay tuned for more examples. 

By the way, I also realize that not all readers of this blog are native English speakers but since the blog is dátheangach (cuid i nGaeilge agus cuid i mBéarla), I’m assuming most of the English-based references are reasonably useful.  At any rate, I get a lot of requests for more pronunciation information, and quite a few thanks as well, so it must be working.  Ultimately, of course, the goal is for learners to see Irish words and not need a pronunciation guide ar chor ar bith but that seems to take longer for Irish than with some other languages.

Gluais: dátheangach, bilingual; déliopach [DJAY-LIP-ukh] bilabial, as in consonant pronunciation; lenited and plural, this becomes dhéliopacha [YAY-LIP-ukh-uh]; maisitheoir, decorator; margóir, marketer

Cineálacha Sneachta: Kinds of Snow

Posted by róislín 2 Comments
Feb 8 2010

As a tribute to the amount of snow that fell over the weekend ar chósta thoir na Stát Aontaithe, and, I suppose, as a belated tribute to the amount that fell in Éirinn i mí Eanáir, let’s talk about some of the ways it can fall or accumulate.

 

The most basic statement would be:

 

Tá sé ag cur sneachta.  It’s snowing, lit. It is “putting” snow. 

 

That verb “cur” (putting) is used for other forms of precipitation as well, as in “Tá sé ag cur fearthainne” or “Tá sé ag cur báistí” (both meaning “It’s raining”) and “Tá sé ag cur seaca” (It’s freezing).   

 

Other forms of snow are:

 

caidhleadh sneachta [KAL-yeh …] , a blizzard, from the verb “cadhail” (“pile” or “twist” in general, “drive” regarding “snow”)

 

flichshneachta [FLIH-HNAKH-tuh, the first “c” and the “s” are silent], sleet, from “fliuch” (wet) + “sneachta”

 

greallach sneachta, slush, from “greallach” (mire, puddle)

 

One of my favorite phrases in Irish is “muc shneachta.”  For those of you who know your domestic animals in Irish, yes, you read that right.  It means a “snow drift” but literally it is “pig of snow.”  For the plural, muca sneachta, you lose the first “h” in “shneachta,” following the standard pattern for feminine plural nouns (cf. fuinneog mhór, a big window, but fuinneoga móra, big windows)

 

I just learned a new term in English, thundersnow, for which I can’t find any Irish equivalent.  But, múineann gá seift, and we could always improvise with a beautifully long word like *toirneachshneachta [TIR-nukh-HNAKH-tuh] with no fleiscín (hyphen), as per the current rules of modern Irish punctuation.  Or we could go for the genitive and say “sneachta toirní” (lit. snow of thunder, on analogy with “stoirm thoirní,” thunderstorm, using “toirní,” the genitive case of “toirneach”).  Apparently that’s what some areas received this weekend. 

 

Beautiful as the tírdhreach sneachtúil may be, it can always present the danger of dó seaca (frostbite).  “Dó” literally means “burning” and is a completely different word here from “dó,” the number “two.”  There are two ways to say the adjective form, frostbitten, “dóite ag an sioc” and “siocdhóite.”  So, in Irish, the frost “burns” instead of “bites.” 

 

How many of these snow-related phrases can you figure out: daille shneachta, plúirín sneachta, liopard sneachta, fear sneachta, and liathróid shneachta?  If, as you work through them, you wonder why some say “shneachta” and others say “sneachta,” it’s because some are grammatically feminine.  “Daille,” blindness, follows many abstract nouns in being feminine (like áille, gile, etc.).  As for why “liathróid” (ball) is feminine, there’s no apparent reason.  It’s just a feature of Irish, like most Indo-European languages except English, that nouns have grammatical gender.  Every noun is either masculine or feminine, except for a handful of genderless nouns referred to in Irish grammar as “substantives.”  Most of these are limited to use in set or fixed phrases today, like “féidir” in “Is féidir liom” (I can).  So, from the group above, the “snowdrop” (flower), “snow leopard,” and (logically enough) “snowman” are all masculine.  Now that you have all five translations, you can probably match which one goes with which Irish phrase. 

 

Nótaí: gá [gaw] need, necessity; seift [sheft] plan (here “invention,” which should help you translate this phrase into the familiar proverb).  “Seaca” [SHAK-uh] is the possessive (genitive) form of “sioc” ([shuk] frost).  Even though phrases like “ag cur seaca” or “dó seaca” don’t involve possession in the sense of ownership, they are still required, in Irish, to be in the genitive case, which typically marks possession.  So you can think of these, very literally, as “at frost’s putting” (at the putting of frost) and “frost’s burning.” 

 

 

 

 

 

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