In this post, lets practice some grammar. I have written a passage but I have introduced some deliberate grammatical mistakes which you have to find and point. Also, please try to understand the passage and suggest a suitable title for this passage. I am providing some vocabulary to make your comprehension a little easier.

Hope you will enjoy!

इस संसार में धन ही सब कुछ नहीं है। धन की पूजा बहुत कम स्थानों पर होता देखी गया है। संसार का इतिहास इस बात की प्रमाण है कि जिनके लिए हम आँखें बिछाने को तैयार रहता हैं, उन्होंने धन कमाने में अपनी समय व्यतीत नहीं किया। उन्होंने ऐसे काम किये जिनका महत्व रुपयों से कहीं अधिक है। जिन लोगों के जीवन की एक मात्र उद्देश्य धन बटोरनी है, उनकी प्रतिष्ठा कम हुआ है। उन्हें किसी ने पूछा तक नहीं। उन्होंने जन्म लिया, रुपया कमाया और मर गयी। किसी ने जाना तक नहीं की वे कौन थे और कहाँ गए? मानव समाज स्वार्थी अवश्य है पर वह स्वार्थ कि उपासना नहीं करती। अंत में वे ही पूजे जाती हैं, जिन्होंने अपनी जीवन को देश और समाज के लिए अर्पित कर दिया।

 

शब्दावली (Shabdaavali – Vocabulary):

संसार = world
धन = money, property
सब = all
पूजा = worship
कम = less
इतिहास = history
बात = conversation, matter, thing, word
प्रमाण = proof
जिनके = whose
महत्व = importance
आँखें = eyes
कमाने = to earn
समय = time
व्यतीत करना = to spend
लोगों = people
जीवन = life
उद्देश्य = aim, objective
प्रतिष्ठा = prestige
जन्म = birth
मानव = human
समाज = society
स्वार्थ = interest
उपासना = worship
देश = country
अर्पित करना = to devote

Many of you might be just starting to learn Hindi and many of you are still struggling to figure out, what and how to say some of the elementary words related to colors, shapes, surfaces, tastes as well as smell in Hindi.

I have made this post along with the pronunciation scheme (romanized Hindi) along with the English meanings. Hope it will help.

रंग – Raang – Colors


Hindi English
1.
काला (Kala)
Black
2.
सफ़ेद (Safed)
White
3.
नीला (Neela)
Blue
4.
पीला (Pila)
Yellow
5.
लाल (Laal)
Red
6.
नारंगी (Narangi)
Orange
7.
 गुलाबी (Gulabi)
Pink
8.
 हरा (Hara)
Green
9.
 बैंगनी (Bangani)
Purple
10.
 सुनहरा (Sunhera)
Golden
11.
 भूरा (Bhura)
Brown
12.
 चांदी (Chandi)
Silver
13.
 रंगबिरंगा (Raanbiranga)
Colorful
14.
 बेरंग (Berang)
Colorless
15.
 फ़िरोज़ी (Firozi)
Turquoise
11.
 केसिरया (Kesariya)
Saffron
16.
 आसमानी (Aasmani)
Sky Blue
17.
 हल्का (Halka)
Light
18.
 गहरा (Gehra)
Dark
19.
 चमकीला (Chamkila)
Shiny
20.
 स्लेटी (Slati)
Gray

आकृतियाँ – Aakartiyan – Shapes & Surfaces


Hindi English
1.
आयातकर (Aayatkar)
Rectangular
2.
वर्गाकार (Vargaakar)
Square
3.
गोल (Gol)
Round
4.
सपाट (Sapaat)
Flat
5.
तिकोना (Tikona)
Triangular
6.
बेलनाकार (Bilnaakar)
Cylindrical
7.
 शंकु (Shanku)
Conical
8.
 अंडाकार (Andhaakar)
Oval
9.
 घनीय (Ghaniy)
Cubical
10.
 गोलाकार (Golaakar)
Circular
11.
 बहुभुज (Bahubhuj)
Polygon

स्वाद – Svad – Tastes


Hindi English
1.
कड़वा (Kadva)
Bitter
2.
मीठा (Mitha)
Sweet
3.
खट्टा (Khatta)
Sour
4.
चटपटा (Chatpata)
Bittersweet
5.
मिर्चिला (Mirchila)
Spicy
6.
नमकीन (Namkeen)
Salty
7.
 फ़ीका (Phika)
Flat/Tasteless

Note: In Northern India, नमकीन (Namkeen) also means traditional salty snacks like Daalshev, Shev, Naavratan, Aloo Bhujia, Bhujia etc. One of the traditional Namkeen which is also made at home is, Namaakpare (Namaak – Salt and Pare – Puffs) are made of flour cutlets which are deep fried in oil. Namkeen (Indian traditional snacks) are available all around the globe in Indian Supermarkets. If you find them, don’t forget to try them!

गंध – Gandh – Smell


Hindi English
1.
ताजा (Taja)
Fresh
2.
बासी (Basi)
Musty
3.
सडा हुआ/हुई (Sada hua (mas.)/hui (fem.))
Rotten/Spoiled
4.
सुगन्धित (Sugandhit)
Fragrant/Perfumed
5.
तेज (Tej)
Pungent
6.
जला हुआ/हुई(Jala hua(mas.)/hui(fem.)
Burnt
7.
 दुर्गंधित (Durgandhit)
Stinky

Causative verbs in Hindi are very interesting but they could be confusing for you at the beginning. The most important point to remember about them is that these verbs denote an action which is not directly performed by the subject but indirectly through some agent.

Lets have a look on these causative verbs with some examples.

पकवाना – Pakvaana – to cause to cook
हाँ, मैंने कल उससे खाना बनवाया ।
Hain, maine kal usse khaana banvaaya.
Yes, I had him cook yesterday.

लिखवाना – Likhvaana – to cause to write
अध्यापक ने श्याम से बहुत लिखवाया ।
Adyaapak ne shayam se bahut likhvaaya.
Teacher had Shyam to write a lot.

करवाना – Karvaana  - to cause to do
मेरे हाथ में दर्द है, माँ ने मुझ से बहुत काम करवाया ।
Mere haath mein dard hai, maa ne mujh se bahut kaam karvaaya.
I had pain in my hand, my mother had me work a lot.

चलवाना – Chalvaana – to cause to walk
श्याम ने फिल्म के बहाने मुझे बहुत चलवाया ।
Shyam ne film ke bahaane mujhe bahut chalvaaya.
On excuse of going for film, Shyam had me walk a lot.

पिटवाना – Pitvaana – to cause to beat
राहुल ने राकेश को आपने दोस्तों से पिटवाया ।
Rahul ne Rakesh ko aapne dosto se pitvaaya.
Rahul had his friend to beat Rakesh.

पढ़वाना – Padvaana – to cause to read
राम के पापा ने उसको सरे साल बहुत पढ़वाया ।
Raam ke papa ne usko sare saal bahut padvaaya.
Raams father had him study hard for whole year.

बिठवाना – Bidvaana – to cause to sit
डॉक्टर ने मरीजों को आधा घंटा बिठवाया ।
Doctor ne marijon ko aadha ghanta bidvaaya.
Doctor had the patients to wait for half an hour.

मिलवाना – Milvaana – to cause to meet
कमल ने मुझे उसके सरे दोस्तों से मिलवाया ।
Kamal ne mujhe uske sare dosto se milvaaya.
Kamal had me meet all his friends.

सिखवाना – Sikhvana – to cause to learn
मैंने आपनी बहिन को फ्रेंच सिखवाई ।
Meine aapni behan ko french sikhvaayi.
I had my sister to learn French.

खिलवाना – Khilvaana – to cause to eat
राजा ने सारे देश द्रोहियों को मगरमच्छ से खिलवाया ।
Raja ne sare desh drohiyon ko magarmacch se khilvaaya.
King had the crocodile eat all traitors.

In this post, I would like to show some of the interesting point which you would notice in conversational Hindi.

These point are apparent when people are having conversation in a familiar setting (using familiar form of you, तू (tu)) . Below, you will find few examples from various verbs.  Please notice the first terms ( i.e. ले (le), कर (kar) etc) and compare it with second ones (which is used in formal situation, आप (Aap)  i.e. लीजिये (lijiye), कीजिये (kijiye) etc)

ले (le) – लीजिये (lijiye) – to take
तू यह १०० रुपए ले – आप यह 100 रुपए लीजिये
tu yeh 100 rupee le – aap yeh 100 rupee lijiye
Take these 100 rupees.

खा ले (kha le) – खा लीजिये (kha lijiye) – to eat, to take food
तू अब खाना खा ले – आप अब खाना खा लीजिये
tu ab khana ka le – aap ab kaha kha lijiye.
You take your food now or you should eat now.

कर (kar) – कीजिये (kijiye) – to do
तू कर, मैं नहीं करूँगा – आप कीजिये, मैं नहीं करूँगा
tu kar, main nahi karunga – aap kijiye, main nahi karunga.
You do it, I will not do it.

काम कर (kaam kar) – काम कीजिये (kaam kijiye) – to do work
आज तू काम कर, मैंने कल किया था. – आज आप काम कीजिये, मैंने कल किया था.
aaj tu kaam kar, maine kal kiya tha – aaj aap kaam kijiye, maine kal kiya tha.
You do the work today, I did it yesterday.

जा (ja) – जाईये (jayiye) – to go
तू यहाँ से जा – आप यहाँ से जाईये
tu yaha se jaa – aap yaha se jayiye.
Please go from here.

चला जा (chala jaa) – चले जाईये (chale jayiye) – to go, to leave
तू उसके साथ चला जा – आप उसके साथ चले जाईये
tu uske sath chala jaa – aap uske sath chale jayiye.
You go with him.

BUT:
रुक जा (ruk ja) – रुक जाईये (ruk jayiye) – to stay
तू यही रुक जा – आप यही रुक जाईये.
tu yahi ruk ja – aap yahi ruk jayiye.
Please stay here.

सिखा दे – सिखा दीजिये – to give teaching (from देना (dena) – to give)
तू मुझे भी सिखा दे – आप मुझे भी सिखा दीजिये
Teach me also.

चल (chal) – चलिये (chaliye) – to go
तू चल, मैं भी आता हूँ – आप चलिये, मैं भी आता हूँ
tu chal, mein bhi aata hoon. – aap chaliye, main bhi aata hoon.
You go, I am also coming.

कर (kar) – करिये (kariye) – to do
तू कर, मुझे मत बोल – आप करिये, मुझे मत बोलिये
tu kar, mujhe mat bol. – aap kariye, mujhe mat boliye.
You do it, don’t tell me.

बता (bata) – बताईये (batayiye) – to tell
तू बता, केसा है? – आप बताईये, केसे हैं
tu bata, kesa hai? – aap batayiye, kese hain?
You tell, how are you?

सुना (suna) – सुनाईये (sunayiye) – to tell, to speak
मैं सही हूँ, तू सुना? – मैं सही हूँ, आप सुनाईये?
main sahi hoon, tu suna? – main sahi hoon, aap sunayiye?
I am doing well, you tell?

लिख (likh) – लिखिये (likhiye) – to write
तू लिख, मैं नहीं लिखूंगा – आप लिखिये, मैं नहीं लिखूंगा
tu likh, main nahi likhunga. – aap likhiye, main nahi likhunga.
You write, I will not write.

सुन (sun) – सुनिये (suniye) – to listen
तू यह गाना सुन, बहुत अच्छा है – आप यह गाना सुनिये, बहुत अच्छा है
tu yeh gana sun, bahut accha hai. – aap yeh gana suniye, bahut accha hai.
Do listen to this song, it’s awesome.

In most of big cities in India, you will find ATMs from Indian as well as some foreign banks and you can use them for withdrawing money (you can use VISA to withdraw money from Indian bank even you have an account with a foreign bank i.e. Sparkasse Dortmund, a German Bank) . However, sometime you have to visit a bank to deposit , withdraw, transfer of money or getting check/cheque encased etc. In big cites, some or all of the employees can converse in English but in smaller cities or villages, you have to know some Hindi.

It is not very difficult as many bank provide their forms with English printed along with Hindi or other regional language. You just have to ask for a particular form and after you have filled the right form, you just need to go to a particular counter to get or deposit your money or get your check/cheque.

Let me show you, how the whole process goes in Hindi. Maybe you will get few sample sentence that you can use in your bank.

Chris is going to a bank which is located in small city. He wants to withdraw some money and get a check/cheque.

Chris to Bank Employee :
नमस्ते / नमस्कार भाईसाहब!
Namaste / Namaskar Bhaisahab!
Hello / Hello (more formal) Sir!

Bank Employee to Chris:
नमस्ते / नमस्कार भाईसाहब!
Namaste / Namskar Bhaisahab!
Hello / Hello Sir!

Bank Employee to Chris:
बताये भाईसाहब, आपका क्या काम है?
Batayein Bhaisaahab, aapka kya kaam hai?
So, what can I do for you?

Chris to a Bank Employee :
मुझे कुछ पैसे निकलने हैं और एक चेक बनवाना हैं
Mujhe kuch paise nikalne hain aur ek check banvaanaa hai.
I need to withdraw some cash and I have to make a check/cheque.

Bank Employee to Chris:
आप वहा से नीला वाला फॉर्म (फॉर्म की और संकेत करते हुए), पैसे निकलने के लिए और सफ़ेद वाला फॉर्म चेक बनवाने के लिए भर लो और मेरे पास ले आओ (आइये).
Aap vaha se nila vala form (form ki aur sanket karte hue) , paise nikalne ke liye aur safed vala form cheque banvane ke liye bhar lo (lijiye) aur mere pas le aao (aaiye)
From there (pointing to the location of forms), you can take blue form for cash withdrawal and white form for Check/Cheque. Fill them and come to me.

Note: You need to fill a particular form for cash withdrawal, deposit, check/cheque or transfer (just about everything). These forms are colored and the color of forms may vary from a bank to bank.

Chris to a Bank Employee :
यह लीजिये भाईसाहब, दोनो फॉर्म भर लिये.
Yeh lijiye bhaisaahab, dono form bhar liye.
Sir, here they are. I have filled both forms.

Bank Employee to Chris:
यह लो/लीजिये आपके 10000 रुपए, गिन लो (रुपए देते हुए). चेक के लिये आपको दौपहर में आना होगा.
Yeh lo/ lijiye aapke 10000 rupee.  Check ke liye aapko daupher mein aana hoga.
Here is your 10000 rupee, please count them. For check/cheque, you have to come in afternoon.

Note: In smaller cities, bank usually take few hours to prepare a check/cheque. Take a note of it. Also, smaller banks in villages have some limit on cash withdrawal.

Chris to a Bank Employee :
धन्यवाद! (रुपए लेते हुए). चेक के लिये कितने बजे आना है?
Dhanyvad (rupee lete hue). Check ke liye kitne baje aana hai?
Thank you (taking the cash). When I have to come for the check/cheque?

Bank Employee to Chris:
आप दो बजे आ जाओ / आ जाना / आ जाइये.
Aap do baje aa jaao / aa jaana / aa jaaiye.
You can come at 2 pm.

Chris to a Bank Employee :
ठीक है. धन्यवाद!
Thik hai. Dhanyvad!
Okay then. Thank you!

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