One more time, it’s “retour aux bases“ (back to the basics) on The French Blog!
We will be able to identify les classes grammaticales (grammatical classes), which make today’s core subject:
Le verbe (the verb), le nom (the noun), l’adjectif (the adjective), le déterminant (the determiner), le pronom (the pronoun), la conjonction (the conjunction), la préposition (the preposition), and finally l’interjection !
* LES CLASSES GRAMMATICALES *
| CLASSE GRAMMATICALE | LA FONCTION | L’ACCORD (The Agreement) |
EXEMPLES | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LE VERBE (Verb) |
Le verbe is all about l’action L’action made by whom? By le sujet (the subject)
|
How to conjugate le verbe? It’s le temps de l’action (the time of the action) that determines the conjugaison
|
Être, avoir, pardonner (to forgive), aimer (to love, to like), croire (to believe), pouvoir (to be able), comprendre (to understand) | |
| LE NOM (Noun) |
“What’s in a name”? That, of course, depends: It could be une idée abstraite (abstract idea), it could be une personne, un animal, or un objet (an object), etc. | L’accord (the agreement) of the le nom occurs with l’adjectif, le déterminant, le pronom, and le verbe | Festival, Lafayette, opéra, Paris, folklore, crêpes, poème | |
| LE DÉTERMINANT (Determiner) |
Used with un nom (a name), the determiner provides more specific information on it, such as le nombre (the number), and le genre (gender) | L’accord (the agreement) happens with le nom which it determines | Un, une, des; le, la, les; ce/cet, cette; mon, ma, mes, ton, ta, tes, son, sa; etc. | |
| L’ADJECTIF(Adjective) | Tied to le nom, it helps to express its quality, a relationship, etc. |
|
Merveilleux, pernicieux, facile, fabuleux, énigmatique, sympathique, etc. | |
| PRONOM (Pronoun) |
Mostly to avoid repetition, a pronom (pronoun) can replace un pronom (a pronoun) or un adjectif (adjective) | The agreement is in gender and number | Je, tu, il/elle, nous, vous, ils/elles, on, le mien, le leur, celle-ci, celui, tout, lequel, qui | |
| ADVERBE | An invariable that modifies the sense of d’autres mots (of other words) | Les adverbes are invariable, and therefore have no accord (agreement) | Beaucoup, très, affectueusement, derrière, peu, tellement, assez, parfois | |
| CONJONCTION |
As the word conjonction indicates, its function is to link two words or two sentences | Also invariable, and therefore has no accord (agreement) |
mais, ou, et, donc, or, ni, car, que, puis, si, néanmoins, comme, parce que, puisque |
|
| PRÉPOSITION
INTERJECTIONS(!) |
A préposition aims at introducing un complément
|
Also invariable
|
Dans, sur, contre, à, sauf, avec, dans, de, depuis, avant, sans, vers, pour
|
