Posts from November 2009

I was basically introduced to French literature during my third year in college which I spent in Paris studying the Cours de Civilisation Française offered at the Sorbonne through Central College Abroad.

Although it felt like I was never going to get it in the beginning, with help from the teachers at the Sorbonne and my French friends, I unlocked the treasure chest that is French literature.  One of my very favorites is Madame Bovary.  I’m not sure why really, but I fell in love with this novel by Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880).  One of my favorite excerpts is when Emma Rouault (the main character) discovers her new home three days after her wedding to the widowed Charles Bovary, a very shy, uninteresting and insensitive man she had just recently met.  The reader becomes Emma as the description is thoroughly made from her perspective.  The detailed adjectives and nouns make for impressive imagery as Flaubert uses objects instead of emotions to show who his characters are.  It’s heart-breaking to feel just like Emma, the only daughter of a rich Normand farmer, as she discovers a home that her new husband had not even prepared for her, having left it just as his first wife (who Emma refers to as l’autre) had decorated it and which as far as Emma is concerned is old, dirty and of poor taste (un papier jaune-serin, des fleurs pâles, la toile mal tendue, flambeaux d’argent plaqué, bois de sapin, une grande pièce délabrée…).  My favorite line in this chapter is: …Emma songeait à son bouquet de mariage, qui était emballé dans un carton, et se demandait, en rêvant, ce qu’on en ferait, si par hasard elle venait à mourir.

Flaubert apparently wrote this story after having read about a young woman who cheated on and was later murdered by her husband.  Hence, the fact that Emma later commits suicide which is presaged in this line I quoted.

I encourage all my readers to open up a French novel and read just a little excerpt.  Use a dictionary if you really need to, but only for the words that really block your general understanding of the story.  Don’t waste time looking up each and every one of the words you don’t know as this will frustrate you before you even finish one sentence.  And after all, the most important thing is that you get a general idea of the plot or the action as that will be enough to keep you wanting to go back for more.

Here’s a little chant/song called Janvier, Février to help you learn the months in French.  The lyrics were written by Anny Versini and Jean-Marc Versini, who also sang them on the children’s song album Les Comptines de la Marmotte – Vol. 2 Une Souris Rose.

Janvier, février,
Mars, avril,
Mai, juin,
Juillet, août,
Septembre, octobre
Novembre et décembre.

Douze mois dans l’année ce n’est vraiment pas assez
Pour pouvoir mieux s’amuser
Il faudrait en rajouter.

Janvier, février,
Mars, avril,
Mai, juin,
Juillet, août,
Septembre, octobre

Novembre et décembre.

Et c’est terminé
On a fini cette année
Il faut tout recommencer
Pour une nouvelle année.

You can listen to and legally purchase/download the album here.

La France d’outre-mer (French overseas territory) includes the DROM or les Départements d’outre-mer (Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and La Reunion) which are subject to French law and therefore their citizens have the exact same rights as mainland France citizens; the COM or les Collectivités d’outre-mer (Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis Islands and Futuna Islands) which have certain autonomy and are a bit separate from the French state; the POM or les Pays d’outre-mer au sein de la République (French Polynesia and New Caledonia) which are regions that will quite possibly gain independence in the future; and the administrative districts known as TOM or les Territoires d’outre-mer (Amsterdam Island, Saint Paul Island, the Crozet Islands, Kerguelen islands and Adélie Land). It is worthy noting, however, that French soveriegnty is not recognized internationally in Adélie Land.

La Reunion is a small island of about 970 square miles and a population of approximately 827,000 that lies right in the middle of the Indian Ocean.  The people of La Reunion obviously speak French as that it is the national language, but the Creole language also exists.  Today, I’m going to give you 6 Creole proverbs from La Reunion and see if you can match them up with an English explanation.

1. Couler la peau la pas couler lo ker. A. When the boss isn’t happy, watch out.
2. Quand gros bèf y charge, sorte devant! B. To hear, but not want to show you heard.
3. Faire z’oreilles cochon. C. There’s no going back.
4. A pa sa ka travay plis ka manjé plis. D. You shouldn’t judge people by the color of their skin.
5. Dlo pa ka monté mòne. E. People always want more.
6. Ba yo pyé yo ka pran men. F. The richest are not necessarily the ones that work the most.

I was once an aupair for some French-speaking kids and so, in homage to them, I will give some examples of what kids might say in French:

Je n’aime pas le brocoli.
Je ne veux plus jouer avec toi.
Ma maman ne me laisse jamais faire ce que je veux.
Ma maman ne m’achète rien quand on fait du shopping.
Je ne veux personne dans ma chambre !
Je ne vais pas encore à l’école.
Je ne veux ni dormir ni me reposer.
Je n‘ai qu’une petite glace !

Basically, to be negative in French, you just have to place ne before the conjugated verb and pas or another negative expression after that same verb.  In other words, you form a negative sandwich with the conjugated verb as the filling.

Some of the most common negative expressions include:

ne…pas not
ne…plus no longer
ne…jamais never
ne…rien nothing
ne…personne no one
ne…pas encore not yet
ne…ni…ni… neither…nor…
ne…que only

You can see from the above examples that ne…ni…ni and ne…que don’t follow the same pattern as the other expressions.  Instead of following the conjugated verb, ni and que are placed before the word they modify.

Most negative expressions in French are adverbs.  However, rien and personne are pronouns that can also be used as a subject or object in a sentence.  So, when used in these ways, rien and personne are placed in the normal subject or object position.  Ne is still placed directly before the verb.  Examples:

Rien ne se passe. (Nothing happens)
Personne ne joue avec moi. (Nobody plays with me).

Be careful!  Although you can’t make a double negative in English, you can in French.  Just make sure you place ne before the verb, omit pas when using other negative expressions in the same sentence and place the negative adverbs before the negative pronouns.  You might see something like this:
Personne ne fait jamais rien! (Nobody ever does anything!)

What negative sentences can you come up with?  Please share in a comment!

First of all, here are the answers to the family relationships vocabulary exercise I gave you a few days ago.

1. La mère de ma mère c’est ma grand-mère.

2. Les enfants de mon oncle ce sont mes cousins.

3. La fille de ma mère c’est ma sœur.

4. Le frère de mon père c’est mon oncle.

5. Le père de mon père c’est mon grand-père.

6. Le frère de mon oncle c’est mon père.

7. La sœur de ma mère c’est ma tante.

8. La sœur de ma tante c’est ma mère.

You may have noticed the use of ma, mon, mes in the above sentences.  These are called adjectifs possessifs in French and possessive adjectives in English.  In all of these examples, I have used the first person possessive adjectives; in other words, the French versions of “my”.  Below are some more examples with third person possessive adjectives; in other words, the French versions of “her”, “his” and “their”.

Singulier

C’est

le mari de Amélie.

la sœur de Jean.

le cousin de Marie et de Jean.

la fille de Amélie et d’Antoine.

son mari

sa sœur

leur cousin

leur fille

Plural

Ce sont

les parents de Sophie.

les enfants de Amélie et d’Antoine.

ses parents

leurs enfants

You must make the possessive adjective agree in gender and number with the noun the object belongs to; in other words, depending on whether the noun is singular or plural / masculine or feminine.

Singular

Plural

masculine

feminine

masculine and feminine

1 “owner”

mon

ton

son

ma

ta

sa

mes

tes

ses

Singular

Plural

masculine and feminine

masculine and feminine

More than 1 “owner”

notre

votre

leur

nos

vos

leurs

Just to be sure you get it, compare these two sentences:

Il avait invité tous ses amis à sa fête. (He invited all of his friends to his party.)
(just one “owner”)
Ils avaient invité tous leurs amis à leur fête. (They invited all of their friends to their party.)
(more than one “owners”)

Careful though as the possessive adjectives ma, ta and sa before words that begin with vowels or a silent h all end in “n” regardless of whether they are masculine or feminine.  Examples: mon adresse, ton amie, son identité.

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