Posts in November 2008

Goodbye to French Cafés?

Posted by Chanda

According to a recent article in the International Herald Tribune, French neighborhood cafés are suffering greatly with the current world-wide economic crisis.  Apparently, many of these beloved cafés have closed their doors for good in recent years as their numbers have greatly decreased all over France and many more are at risk of extinction.  Many French people have changed their habit of going to a café for apéritifs or coffee due to the ban on smoking in public places as well as due to lifestyle changes, generational differences (young people nowadays prefer Cokes and late-night drinking), personal health concerns and financial reasons.  Many have become unemployed or are worried about stretching their euro cents to the end of the month and therefore, just don’t go anymore as they choose to have their coffee and before-dinner drinks at home.

I find that it is a shame.  I remember how I would spend hours in Paris as a student at neighborhood cafés reading a book, doing homework, hanging out with friends crowded around a small table to chat or just observing the passersby as I had a coffee or drink.   It was always interesting to watch the old men in cafés in small villages playing cards and having barrels of laughs or ‘eavesdrop’ on the gossiping ladies.  It seems like the French café crisis is the beginning of the end of a major part of French culture and tradition.

Click here to read the International Herald Tribune article in English.

 

On se tutoie?

Posted by Chanda

The French language is sometimes thought of as a formal language.  Possibly one of the reasons is because of the tutoyer and vouvoyer thing.  For those of you who speak French and especially those of you who have visited a French-speaking country, you probably fully understand what I’m talking about.  The rules are not very clear, although there are some guidelines.  In any case, my own experience is that it can be hard for non-native speakers to grasp this social language standard -not the concept, but rather consistently putting it into practice.  Especially when first learning French, most of us are just happy to be somewhat understood and with all the searching for the right verbs and vocabulary we sometimes forget about how we are to address the person we are speaking to.  It is easier to do in writing, because you have time to think about it.

In any case, remember that tu and vous both mean the singular ‘you’ (vous is always used for plural ‘you’).  The tu form is informal and is usually used when speaking with a friend, a person your age (especially when young), a family member, a colleague, a child, or even a pet…in short, someone you know pretty well or are on the same social level with.  The vous form is formal and is usually used when speaking with someone who is older than you, your professor, a stranger, a boss, anyone who is in a position of authority, acquaintances, or other adults that you don’t know very well.

What I found interesting and was almost shocked by is that I have thirty-something French friends who actually vouvoyer their parents!  Now this goes along with aristocratic France and the old social idea that children should be seen and not heard, but it is still in place in some families.  However, most French families today are on tutoyer terms as modern French society has changed and is constantly changing which is also reflected in how and when people tutoyer and vouvoyer.

When in doubt, use the vous form and wait for this suggestion to be made by the person you are speaking with: On se tutoie?

 

Monegasque National Holiday

Posted by Chanda

The members of the Royal Family of the Principality of Monaco celebrated their November 19th national day today in Monte Carlo.  It is also known as The Prince of Monaco Holiday as it commemorates Prince Ranier III’s coronation as the 30th ruling Prince of Monaco on November 19th, 1949.  Although many events have taken place and are planned for the entire month to celebrate, today’s main events included a military parade which took place in the palace courtyard and an invitation-only mass with various royals in attendance including His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince Albert of Monaco, HRH Princess Caroline of Hanover, her children Andrea, Pierre and Charlotte Casiraghi and Princess Stephanie of Monaco.  An invitation-only Gala Evening is to be held at the Palace this evening.

The small sovereign city-state is the smallest French-speaking country in the world.

 

The French Love to Strike

Posted by Chanda

I remember when I was living in Paris, it seemed like there were always grèves all around the city.  We would have to walk every so often in the mornings to class as the metro was not running (the SNCF loves to go on strike).  The American Embassy would constantly warn us that we should not get caught up in them as they can often become violent…I’m not so sure they get violent as often as the Embassy would have liked us to believe, but the French do in fact sometimes become violent strikers…turning over cars, setting things on fire and such.  And they shout and whistle a lot.  It’s not like they just picket around their office building or factory…they parade through major streets, even shutting them down so they are sure they are heard and seen.  And the thing is, most often, these are not workers from private companies, but rather public servants.  Since the government has a stake in so much, strikes usually work.

I was just now reading Le Monde when I saw that there was an announcement made today that 70% of primary school teachers MUST be on strike on Thursday the 20th as ordered by the largest primary school teacher union in order to protest their deteriorating working conditions and the elimination of job posts.  That’s a lot of teachers!  So, what happens to all the kids who obviously should be in school as it’s a regular school day??  Well, there’s something that by law the unions have to make sure of…that there is a minimum reception service.  A minimum what?  Well, it is an agreement between the State and volunteer towns where the State pays these collectives up to €90 ($114) per group of 1-15 students for the six-hour school day to host the students on teacher strike days.  Parents usually find out about 48 hours in advance when and if their children’s school will be on strike, but some don’t until they arrive at the school door to drop off their children in the morning.  Often, that notice will also tell parents whether or not there will be a ‘minimum reception service’ in their town.  The school and town hall websites often also provide this information. Then, parents take their children to schools or community centers as assigned to basically have a fun day.  There are just enough staff members to ensure the safety and security of the students…but no teaching.  So, no wonder the French love to strike…they learn from a young age that it’s fun!

On fait la grève, alors!

 

Auxiliaries Être and Avoir

Posted by Chanda

In French, the verbs être and avoir are considered auxiliaries when followed by a past participle and, thus, used to form the perfect tenses much like have/has/had are auxiliaries in English.  Just as have/has/had, être and avoir are also regular, normal verbs as well.

AVOIR is the auxiliary that is used with most verbs.

ÊTRE is used to form the perfect tense of certain “passage” verbs (that will take you from one place to another) like naître, décéder and mourir; entrer, rester and sortir; arriver, partir and repartir; aller and retourner; monter, descendre, tomber and retomber; passer, venir and all similar verbs like devenir, revenir, etc.
Exceptions:
- prévenir is conjugated with avoir
- convenir can be conjugated with être, but is usually conjugated with avoir.
- descendre, monter, passer, rentrer, retourner and sortir are conjugated with avoir when they are transitive or in other words, when they have a direct object associated to them, and in those cases, the subject is not really moving in passage, but rather the objects are.

It is also used to form the perfect tense of pronominal verbs - reflexive verbs (where a person does something to him/herself including personal accidents), reciprocal verbs (two or more people do something interactively) and idiomatic verbs (a regular ole verb that takes on a different meaning when the reflexive pronoun is added).
se promener (reflexive)
Nous nous sommes promenés. (We took a walk.)
s’écrire (reciprocal)
Nous nous sommes écrit. (We wrote to each other.)
s’intéresser (idiomatic)
Je me suis intéressé aux langues. (I’m interested in languages.)

And finally, the auxiliary être is used in the passive voice.  For example:
J’ai été invité à la fête.  (I was invited to the party.)

Remember, the verb être is conjugated with the auxiliary avoir as in:
J’ai été professeur dans une école de langues.
(I was a teacher at a language school.)

And the verb avoir is conjugated with the auxiliary avoir as well as in:
Je n’ai pas eu assez de temps pour finir l’examen de français.
(I didn’t have enough time to finish the French exam.)

Since these auxiliaries are so important, you must make sure to memorize how to conjugate them in the present before you learn anything else about French grammar.
AVOIR

J’ ai Nous avons
Tu as Vous avez
Il/Elle/On a Ils/Elles ont

ÊTRE

Je suis Nous sommes
Tu es Vous êtes
Il/Elle/On est Ils/Elles sont

Maintenant vous êtes expert(e) des auxiliaires!