Posts tagged with "Pronunciation"

On the first day of study abroad in Beijing, my Chinese teachers taught our class this little tongue twister to help us work with our tones:

老师是四十四,是不是?(lǎoshī shì sìshísì, shì bú shì)

Translation: The Teacher is 44, no (is this true/true of false)?

Why this seemingly innocuous sentence? Was it really all that important to repeat (over and over) how to ask a simple, age-related question to a teacher? No. It was all because of the tones and pronunciation involved. Our teachers were trying to accustom our tongues to the Chinese language.

For a bunch of US students just arriving in Beijing, acclimating your ear was difficult enough, but speaking the language? It was like trying to talk with cotton balls in your mouth. Our teachers were providing us with standards Chinese “tongue twisters” or  绕口令 (ràokǒulìng) to whip our voices into shape (like this laowai):

YouTube Preview Image

All the text books and character sheets in the world will not prepare your mouth for the litany of linguistic leaps levied at your lethargic laowai larynx (try saying that five times fast) when you first start speaking Mandarin. In the first weeks abroad, I would literally find myself tongue tied, that is, able to produce the sound and character in my head, or through recognition, but utterly unable to make the conversion from brain to mouth. As I soon realized, in order to speak Chinese, I had to create my own “chinese voice”.

Whether it was making sure that my tones would have the proper inflection, learning to create sounds that are non-existent within English, or finding a natural cadence and rhythm to my talk, all required practice and repetition. Language is often muscle dependent-you either use it or lose it. It takes a good amount of work training your tongue, but there are fun ways to practice. If you really want to master your spoken Chinese, try some of these tongue twisters out:

妈妈骑马,马慢妈妈骂马
mā mā qí mǎ,
mǎ màn, mā mā mà mǎ.
Translation: Mother is riding a horse. The horse moves slowly. Mother chides the horse

四 是 四 , 十 是 十 , 十 四 是 十 四 , 四 十 是 四 十 , 四 十 四 只 石 狮 子 是 死 的
sì shì sì
shí shì shí
shí sì shì shí sì
sì shí shì sì shí
sì shí sì zhī shí shī zǐ shì sǐ de.
Translation: 4 is 4, 10 is 10, 14 is 14, 40 is 40, 44 small stones are dead

知道就说知道
不知道就说不知道
不要知道说不知道
也不要不知道说知道
你知道不知道?

zhīdào jiù shuō zhīdào
bù zhīdào jiù shuō bù zhīdào
bū yào zhīdào shuō bù zhīdào
yě bū yào bù zhīdào shuō zhīdào
nǐ zhīdào bù zhīdào
Translation: If you know, just say you know. If you don’t know, just say you don’t know. You shouldn’t know and say you don’t know. And you shouldn’t NOT know and say you DO know. You know?

Now see how you compare to Jackie Chan:

YouTube Preview Image

Follow Steve on twitter: @seeitbelieveit

For anyone raised on the ABCs and 1-2-3s, learning Chinese can seem to be a daunting task.  During my first few weeks in Beijing, I would often stare in disbelief at newspapers, menus, and street signs while thinking to myself, “How am I ever going to understand this language?”  Luckily for me, and other equally befuddled foreigners, there is an excellent system in place to assist us in our attempts at learning to speak Chinese (汉语  – hàn yǔ)  -  pinyin (拼音 – pīn yīn).  This is the Romanization of Chinese phonetics, and your gateway to understanding how to speak Chinese.  For beginning learners hoping to functionally speak the language, learning to master the 拼音 system should be the first step.

Get this chart down and you're set.

In my case, I moved to China on a whim, having zero experience with the language.  I also came to work (工作  – gōng zuò) as an English teacher (英语老师 – yīng yǔ lǎo shī), so I didn’t have the free time to enroll in a university (大学 – dà xué) Chinese program.  While I had aspirations to learn how to read (读 – dú) and write (写 – xiě) Chinese, I quickly realized that doing so requires a great deal of work, and is quite difficult to do on your own.  I was more concerned with being able to order food (点菜 – diǎn cài), bargain (讲价 – jiǎng jià), and chat (聊天 – liáo tiān) with taxi drivers. Learning to read and pronounce words and sentences in 拼音 helped facilitate this.

Learn how to read and understand pinyin and you can avoid calling your teacher a mouse.

Speaking of speaking Chinese, two of the most useful phrases for a person visiting China are “我不会说汉语”(wǒ bù huì shuō hàn yǔ – I can’t speak Chinese) and “你会说英语吗?”(nǐ huì shuō yīng yǔ ma? – Can you speak English?) In my early experiences, being equipped with these two phrases saved me in many situations.  For one, I found that by simply practicing my 你好, people would take that as evidence of my stellar Chinese abilities.  This would encourage them to speak at their normal speed, which left me looking wide-eyed and confused.  Also, I noticed that if the person I was talking to didn’t speak English, there was a good chance they knew someone who did.  If you have a bit of confidence and want to practice the Chinese you do know, you can also say “我只会说一点汉语”(wǒ zhǐ huì shuō yī diǎn hàn yǔ – I can only speak a little Chinese).  Most people will be considerate and will slow down quite a bit and will repeatedly ask “明白吗?”(míng bai ma – Is it clear?/Do you get it?”)  In my experience, Chinese people are quite accommodating and understanding when it comes to a 老外s lackluster Chinese abilities.
YouTube Preview Image
Here is a funny little cartoon video that can help you with your pinyin.

Not only will mastery of the 拼音 system set you on your way to being able to converse in Chinese, but it will also help you begin to recognize characters.  In order to type in Chinese on a cell phone (手机 – shǒu jī) or computer (电脑 – diàn nǎo), you need to first type in the 拼音 and then choose the correct character.  I’ve found that it really helps my reading abilities when I sit down to study (学习 – xué xí) and type out my notes as I go.  This really comes in handy when traveling in and around 北京 (Beijing), as the bus/subway maps all have both the 汉字 and the 拼音.  Also, you can have fun with friends and practice your skills when you send a text message (发短信 – fā duǎn xìn) to each other in Chinese.  Who says studying a complicated foreign language can’t be fun?

Now that we’ve gone over some basic tongue twisters, I thought this would be a good time to step up the level of difficulty and provide more challenging tongue twisters. These ones will give you quite a workout, so if your tongue isn’t tired yet it should be after reading (and practicing) along with this post. After all, practice makes perfect.

Is your pronunciation or 发音 ( yīn) improving? Is it easier to make the sounds or does your tongue just get tied in a knot like our little friend over to the left? Try following along in the video. If you recall from last tongue twisters post, we’ve already practiced this one:

YouTube Preview Image

吃葡萄吐葡萄皮儿,
不吃葡萄不吐葡萄皮儿。
吃葡萄不吐葡萄皮儿,
不吃葡萄倒吐葡萄皮儿。

chī pútáo tǔ pútáo pí ér,
bù chī pútáo bù tǔ pútáo pí ér.
chī pútáo bù tǔ pútáo pí ér,
bù chī pútáo dào tǔ pútáo pí ér.

Translation: Eat grapes throw out their skins, don’t eat grapes don’t throw out their skins. Eat grapes don’t throw out their skins, don’t eat grapes throw out their skins.

Not so hard, was it? Now that we’ve warmed up, lets get into some new tongue twisters. Here’s an easy one to start off with first:

image

Xī Shī sǐshí sìshísì.

Translation: The Useful Lady of the West was 44 years old at the time of her death.

老頭兒端湯上塔
湯燙
塔滑
湯灑
湯燙塔

lǎotóur duān tāng shàng tǎ
tāng tàng
tǎ huá
tāng sǎ
tāng tàng tǎ.

Translation: An old man, holding (a bowl of) soup, climbed up a tower. The soup was hot. The tower (steps) slippery; (so) the soup got spilt (and) the soup scalded the tower (steps).

墻上掛面鼔. 鼔上畫老虎.
老虎抓破了鼔.
拿塊布来補,
不知道是布補鼔, 還是布補虎.

Qiáng-shang guà miàn gǔ. Gǔ-shang huà lǎohǔ.
Lǎohǔ zhuāpòle gǔ.
Ná kuài bù lái bǔ,
Bùzhīdào shì bù bǔ gǔ, háishi bù bǔ hǔ.

Translation: On the wall hangs a drum, on which a tiger is painted. The tiger clawed a hole into the drum. Taking a piece of cloth to repair it, I didn’t know whether the cloth was mending the drum or the cloth was mending the tiger.

青青山上一根籐
青籐地下掛銅鈴
風吹籐動銅鈴動
風停籐停銅鈴停

qīng qīng shān shàng yī gēn téng
qīng téng dǐ xià guà tóng líng
fēng chuī téng dòng tóng líng dòng
fēng tíng téng tíng tóng líng tíng

Translation: On a green mountain grows a vine. Under the vine there hangs a copper bell. When the wind blows, the vine moves, and so does the bell. When the wind stops, the vine stops, and the bell stops too.

村前有个颜圆眼
村后有个颜眼圆
不知颜圆眼的眼圆
还是颜眼圆的眼圆?

cūn qián yǒu gè yán yuán yǎn
cūn hòu yǒu g4 yán yǎn yuán
bù zhī yán yuán yǎn dē yǎn yuán
hái shì yán yǎn yuán dē yǎn yuán?

Translation: In front of the village there is a Yan Yuanyan. Behind the village there is a Yan Yanyuan. Don’t know if Yan Yuanyan’s eyes are rounder or Yan Yanyuan’s eyes are rounder.

Whew that was exhausting. Try it again from the top, 再次发言!

Now that we’ve covered some basic tongue twisters, it’s time to ramp up the level of difficulty. Try saying these tongue twisters five times fast. See if you can get as good as Jackie Chan:

YouTube Preview Image

青青山上一根籐

青籐地下掛銅鈴

風吹籐動銅鈴動

風停籐停銅鈴停

qīng qīng shān shàng yī gēn téng
qīng téng dǐ xià guà tóng líng
fēng chuī téng dòng tóng líng dòng
fēng tíng téng tíng tóng líng tíng

Translation: On a green mountain grows a vine. Under the vine there hangs a copper bell. When the wind blows, the vine moves, and so does the bell. When the wind stops, the vine stops, and the bell stops too.

老頭兒端湯上塔
湯燙
塔滑
湯灑
湯燙塔

lǎotóur duān tāng shàng tǎ
tāng tàng
tǎ huá
tāng sǎ
tāng tàng tǎ.

Translation: An old man, holding (a bowl of) soup, climbed up a tower. The soup was hot. The tower (steps) slippery; (so) the soup got spilt (and) the soup scalded the tower (steps).

黑蝴蝶飛,
灰蝴蝶飛,
黑蝴蝶飛完,
會蝴蝶飛。

hēi húdǐe fēi,
hūi húdǐe fēi,
hēi húdǐe fēiwán,
hūi húdǐe fēi.

Translation: The black butterfly flies, the gray butterfly flies, after the black butterfly flies, the gray butterfly flies.

村前有个颜圆眼
村后有个颜眼圆
不知颜圆眼的眼圆
还是颜眼圆的眼圆?

cūn qián yǒu gè yán yuán yǎn
cūn hòu yǒu g4 yán yǎn yuán
bù zhī yán yuán yǎn dē yǎn yuán
hái shì yán yǎn yuán dē yǎn yuán?

Translation: In front of the village there is a Yan Yuanyan. Behind the village there is a Yan Yanyuan. Don’t know if Yan Yuanyan’s eyes are rounder or Yan Yanyuan’s eyes are rounder.

红凤凰

黄凤凰

粉红凤凰

粉凤凰飞

Hóng fènghuáng
huáng fènghuáng
fěnhóng fènghuáng
fěn fènghuáng fēi

Translation: Red phoenix, yellow phoenix, pink phoenix, pink phoenix fly.

How’d you do?

Learning Mandarin Chinese, especially as a native English speaker, is doubly difficult because you’re learning both a new phonetic system (pinyin) and a new alphabet  in the form of characters. It becomes a lesson in duality as both right and left brain are active when learning pictograms and their corresponding pronunciation and tones. But unlike alphabetized languages, which build from a foundation of limited characters and logic, Chinese is not so simple, as there are thousands upon thousands of unique characters with different meaning and different pronunciation at your disposal.

Sometimes I stumble across a character that I have no idea its meaning. Sure I may recognize parts of the characters which are called radicals, but that doesn’t give me the full picture. For example: taking the word 明天 (míng tiān), which means tomorrow, and focusing on the first character, we see that 明 is a combination of 日, meaning sun or day, and 月,meaning month or moon. Now if you didn’t recognize that character, but recognize the radical, you’d have some idea of its meaning. Taking a guess, you’d figure that it has the radicals for sun and moon in it, so it most likely relates to a date, so you’ve got half of the word down.

But notice how this information, while shedding light on the meaning of the word, does not help you out with the pronunciation of the word. This is where Chinese becomes very difficult as a non-native speaker and is the main reason why foreigners have trouble primarily with tones. You either know it, or you don’t. Sure sometimes a radical will help you out with the pinyin if you get lucky, but odds are it won’t help you at all with the tones.

So how do you get over this rather difficult hump in your Chinese learning? Other than practice and rote memorization, you are pretty much on your own. You can try learning how to use a Chinese dictionary, which relies upon radicals, number of strokes and order, but learning that is like learning a new language in itself–and very slow going at that. My advice: wing it. You’d be surprised at how many words you can fake/fumble your way through, and still be understood.

Chinese is a very logical language, especially when regarding modern era words (relating to the last two centuries). “Make fly machine” is airplane, or 飞机, mótuōchē is motor bike, and even proper names can come close to their English meaning or pronunciation. For example, Hillary Clinton is 希拉里·克林顿 (Xīlālǐ·Kèlíndùn). Sound pretty spot on? The trick is learning the pinyin pronunciation and training your brain and tongue to pronounce Chinese sounds. After which you can take a guess, replacing English sounds with Chinese ones and boom, you just faked your way through a language. It’s not exact, but it gets you in the ball park.

Back to the Top