Posts from October 2009

Omar Sharif (عمر الشريف) is a very famous Egyptian actor who became a world-renowned star. He was born in Alexandria on the 10th of April, 1932 to a rich Catholic family, and his original name was Michael Demitri Shalhoub. As a child, he was fat and liked eating so much; therefore, his mother insisted on sending him to a British school so that he becomes more disciplined and loses weight. So, he joined Victoria College in Alexandria, where he was very much interested in learning languages and in theatre. He performed his first school play at the age of 12, and he enjoyed it so much that he decided to become an actor despite objections from his father who wanted him to become a merchant like himself.

Omar Sharif

After graduating from the American University in Cairo with a degree in mathematics and physics, Omar started to pursue a career as an actor. His friend Youssef Shahin (يوسف شاهين), a famous Egyptian director, offered him the chance to have his first appearance as a star in (صراع في الوادي) “Struggle in the Valley” which was very successful. Faten Hamama (فاتن حمامة) who later became his wife co-starred this film with him. When he decided to marry Faten, he converted to Islam. After their marriage, they worked together on a very large number of films including (أيامنا الحلوة) “Our sweet days”, (لا أنام) “I cannot Sleep”, (سيدة القصر) “the lady of the palace”, among others. Their marriage lasted for more than 15 years, and they had one son.

Omar Sharif started his career outside Egypt with his famous film (لورانس العرب) “Lawrence of Arabia” in 1962 which won him international recognition and fame. Sharif has been nominated for an Academy Award and has won a Golden Globe for this film. After that, he starred a number of famous films, e.g “Doctor Zhivago” and “Funny Girl.” Omar Sharif returned to Egypt in the nineties, and he acted some films including (الأراجوز), and one TV soap called (حنان وحنين).

Omar Sharif

In previous posts, I explained two cases of the present/imperfect tense. The default case in which present tense verbs take short /o/ (الضمة) which is called (المضارع المرفوع), and the subjunctive (المضارع المنصوب); in which verbs take short /a/ (الفتحة), and if the verb ends in one of suffixes (ون، ان، ين), the final (ن) is deleted.

The final case is called the jussive (المضارع المجزوم); in which verbs take no vowels at all (السكون), and if the verb ends in one of suffixes (ون، ان، ين), the final (ن) is deleted.

This case comes when the present tense verb is preceded by one of two particles:

لم = ‘did not’ used to negate the past tense.

لا = ‘do not’ expresses prohibition.

لم أدرسْ اللغة العربية.

“I did not study Arabic.”

لا تعملْ في المساء حتى تستطيعَ أن تدرسَ في النهار.

“Do not work in the evening in order to be able to study during day time!”

It should be noted that there are 2 usages of (لا), the first one is for negation, and after it the verb is in the imperfect case (المضارع المرفوع); and (لا) for prohibition which means ‘don’t’, and present tense verbs are in the jussive case (المضارع المجزوم) after it.

أدرُسْ

أَنَا

تدرُسْ

أَنْتَ

تدرُسي

أَنْتِ

يدرُسْ

هُوَ

تدرُسْ

هِيَ

تدرُسا

أَنْتُمَا

يدرُسا

هُمَا (m.)

تدرُسا

هُمَا (f.)

ندرُسْ

نَحْنُ

تدرُسوا

أَنْتُمْ

تدرُسن

أَنْتُنَّ

يدرُسوا

هُمْ

يدرُسن

هُنَّ

الأصدقاء لم يسافروا إلى مصر في العام الماضي؟

“The friends did not travel to Egypt last year?”

لا تتأخروا على الموعد.

“Do not be late for the appointment!”

In previous the post, I started to explain the case marking system (الإعراب) of the present/imperfect tense. By default, present tense verbs take short /o/ (الضمة), and this case is called (المضارع المرفوع). However, there is another case which is called the subjunctive (المضارع المنصوب); in which verbs take short /a/ (الفتحة), and if the verb ends in one of suffixes (ون، ان، ين), the final (ن) is deleted. Present tense verbs are in this case if they are preceded by the following particles.

أن = ‘to’ in expressions like ‘want to’, ‘like to’, ‘intend to’, etc.

لن = particle used to negate the future tense, and it means “will not”

ل = to / in order to

كي = to / in order to

حتى = to / in order to

أريدُ أن أدرسَ اللغة العربية.

“I want to study Arabic.”

أدرسُ اللغة العربية لأعملَ مترجمة.

“I study Arabic in order to work as a translator.”

أعملُ في المساء حتى أدرسَ في النهار.

“I work in the evening in order to study during day time.”

In the case of (المضارع المنصوب), verbs that do not end in one of the suffixes (ون، ان، ين), take a short / a/ (الفتحة), and in verbs that end the suffixes , the final (ن) has to be deleted, consider the following examples.

أدرُسَ

أَنَا

تدرُسَ

أَنْتَ

تدرُسي

أَنْتِ

يدرُسَ

هُوَ

تدرُسَ

هِيَ

تدرُسا

أَنْتُمَا

يدرُسا

هُمَا (m.)

تدرُسا

هُمَا (f.)

ندرُسَ

نَحْنُ

تدرُسوا

أَنْتُمْ

تدرُسن

أَنْتُنَّ

يدرُسوا

هُمْ

يدرُسن

هُنَّ

هل تحبون أن تسافروا إلى مصر في العام القادم؟

“Would you like to travel to Egypt next year?”

أنتم تعملون في الصيف لتوفروا المال اللازم لدراستكم.

“You work in the summer to save money needed for your study.”

In the following post, I will explain the third case of the imperfect; keep reading!

In previous posts, I explained the case marking system (الإعراب) of nouns and adjectives. I also explained adverbs in other posts. In this post; I start to discuss the case marking of present tense/imperfect. Just like nouns and adjectives, verbs take special vowels and suffixes to mark their case. The choice of the appropriate case depends on what comes before the verb. Present tense/imperfect verbs by default take short /o/ (الضمة), and this case is called (المضارع المرفوع). Present tense verbs are in this case if there is nothing special comes before them, i.e. if they are not preceded by particles that necessitate that they take another case, or if they are preceded by (لا) for negation.

أدرسُ اللغة العربية ولا أدرسُ اللغة الصينية.

“I study Arabic; I do not study Chinese.”

هل تدرسين في الجامعة؟

“Do you study at university?”

In the case of (المضارع المرفوع), verbs that do not end in one of the suffixes (ون، ان، ين), take a short /o/ (الضمة), and verbs that end in the suffixes remain the same. So, this case is marked either by the short /o/ or the final suffix (ن).

أدرُسُ

أَنَا

تدرُسُ

أَنْتَ

تدرُسين

أَنْتِ

يدرُسُ

هُوَ

تدرُسُ

هِيَ

تدرُسان

أَنْتُمَا

يدرُسان

هُمَا (m.)

تدرُسان

هُمَا (f.)

ندرُسُ

نَحْنُ

تدرُسون

أَنْتُمْ

تدرُسن

أَنْتُنَّ

يدرُسون

هُمْ

يدرُسن

هُنَّ

In the following post, I will explain the second case of the imperfect; keep reading!

In this post, I provide some vocabulary that can be useful when talking about parts of the body. The list is not comprehensive, but it includes the major parts from head to foot. If you would like to learn other parts, please post your question in a comment, I will be happy to provide the translation.

الجِسْم

The body

رَأْس

Head

جِسْم

Body

عَظْم

Bone

هَيْكَل عَظْمي

Skeleton

جِلْد

Skin

دَمّ

Blood

شَعْر

Hair

وَجْه

Face

عَيْن

Eye

أَنْف

Nose

خَدّ

Cheek

أُذُن

Ear

فَمّ

Mouth

كَتِف

Shoulder

صَدْر

Chest, bust

قَلْب

Heart

بَطْن

Tummy

ذِرَاع

Arm

كُوع

Elbow

يَدّ

Hand

إِصْبَع

Finger

رِجْل

Leg

رُكْبَة

Knee

قَدَم

Foot

يَدِي تُؤْلِمُني.

“My hand hurts.”

العُيُون السَّوْداء جَمِيلَة.

“Black eyes are beautiful.”

مِنْ فَضْلِك، اِفْتَح فَمَك!

“Please, open your mouth!”

يدي تؤلمني.

“My hand hurts.”

العيون السوداء جميلة.

“Black eyes are beautiful.”

من فضلك، افتح فمك!

“Please, open your mouth!”

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